T'ai P'ing Kuang Chi
Li Fang's Chinese encyclopedia of biography and other information, c. 990
Li Fang's Chinese encyclopedia of biography and other information, c. 990
fabulous animal of China
Volume of the Mishnah.
Silva Valdés poem in Poemas nativos
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: 1) “el gangoso Tabacman”: un personaje al que −por su oficio y probablemente por su obstinación con la mecánica− llaman Tornillo Sin Fin.
2) “Tornillo Sin Fin que en buena ley se vino a ganar su medallón de Vero Desopilante”: el narrador considera a Tornillo (cf. supra §6) un auténtico bromista; en el discurso del narrador, el adjetivo ‘vero’ no proviene del antiguo castellano en desuso, sino del italiano con el significado de ‘verdadero’; cf. también infra §8.
Zorrilla de San Martín epic poem, 1888
Fishburn and Hughes: "A romantic verse drama by the Uruguayan poet Juan Zorrilla de San Martín (1855-1931) first published in 1888. Tabaré tells the story of a mestizo in love with a Spanish girl who is kidnapped by an Indian chief. In the process of rescuing her, the young man is killed by the girl's brother who believes him to be the abductor." (189)
colonel, character in Borges story
compadrito, character in Borges story
Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Jarir at-Tabari, Arab historian and commentator, c. 839-c. 923, author of the Golden Meadow and The Book of Indication and Revision
Fishburn and Hughes: "The tent or portable shrine carried by the Jews during their wanderings in the wilderness. It consisted of an inner sanctum known as the 'Holy of Holies' and an outer chamber used as a temple. The extensive description in Exodus (25-31 and 35-40) deals with the construction of the tabernacle, its precise measurements, the material from which it was built, its ornamentation, and even the colour of its curtains, all of which are laid down in minute detail. The tabernacle was believed to constitute the dwelling-place of the Lord, its symmetry and harmony being a reflection of divine perfection. The reference to the quadrangular shape of the Hebrew tabernacle accords with the overall pattern of the dimensions given for its construction." (189)
tango by Francisco Canaro
Jewish cemetery in Buenos Aires and the surrounding neighborhood
Rivera Indarte book on Rosas, 1843
Argentine poet, author of El novísimo órgano
Cornelius Tacitus, Roman historian, c. 55-c. 117, author of Germania, Dialogus de oratoribus, Historiae and Annales
Fishburn and Hughes: "Tacitus wrote the history the Roman Empire from 14 to 68 AD (Annals) and from 69 to 96 AD (Histories). At once passionate and epigrammatic, his work denounces the evil effects of power, the injustices suffered by the Romans at the hands of their emperors, and the servility with which senators and nobles bowed to their capricious rule. CF 121: The surviving books of the Annals (books 1-4, part of 5, most of 6, and 11-16 incomplete) cover the reigns of Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero. The violent episodes depicted show Tacitus' acute perception of tragedy, to which Borges pays tribute in relation to Christ's crucifixion, saying that, though Tacitus did not refer to the crucifixion directly, its occurrence is suggested and implied in his portrayal of the time (Other Inq.167)." (189)
city and province of Uruguay
Fishburn and Hughes: "Guarani for 'tall slender cane': a river in central Uruguay which gives its name to a city and department. It rises not far from the Brazilian border near Sant' Anna." (190)
street in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "A street in southern Buenos Aires near Plaza Constitución. See Caseros." (190)
Parodi: “en el cruce de Tacuarí y Belgrano”: intersección de dos calles, a unas ocho cuadras de la Plaza de Mayo.
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: supuesto pintor argentino. El nombre, del que Bustos destaca su origen árabe, evoca el de Sheikh Obeid el-Rashid, un personaje de Los siete pilares de la sabiduría, el guía que acompaña a Thomas Edward Lawrence (cf. “Toros” i §2) en 1916 hasta Wadi Safra. En su relato, Lawrence alude a Obeid llamándolo ‘Tafas’, que a su vez hace referencia a un caserío en Dera’a, al sur de Damasco, donde Lawrence enfrentó a los turcos. De las once obras de Tafas, Bustos menciona Café Tortoni (cf. infra §2), Quiosco de las postales, el Pensador de Rodin (cf. infra §2), el Hotel España (cf. infra §2) y un inacabado mural de motivos indígenas.
US president, 1857-1930
composer of Puente Alsina, Villa Crespo and other tangos
Bengali writer and musician, 1861-1941, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913
Fishburn and Hughes: "The Incoherence of the Philosophers, an attack by the anti-rationalist Islamic philosopher Ghazali upon the Neoplatonism of Avicenna (Ibn Sina). Ghazali held that the world was deliberately created by God and not, as the Neoplatonists claimed, simply an emanation of a First Being. His use of the word Tahafut ('destruction') implies something like the tumbling down of a house of cards; the same concept was used by Averroes in his refutation of Ghazali. See Tahafut-ul-Tahafut." (190)
Fishburn and Hughes: "Incoherence of Incoherence, a philosophical treatise published in about 1180, in which Averroes seeks to refute Ghazali's refutation of philosophy. The subject of chapter 11 is that divine nature cannot participate in the 'emotions' and passing 'inclinations' which occur in individual and material bodies. Averroes's argument in opposition to Ghazali is that there is no activity in God other than what there was from the start. Since God created only the universal and not the individual aspects of reality ('ipse fecit universalia et non fecit particularia'), it follows that God does not perceive the particular ('ipsum non apprehendere particularia'), whose existence is subsequent to creation. See Aristotle." (190)
island in French Polynesia
character in Bustos Domecq stories
C. F. Ramuz, 1933
Norman poet present at Battle of Hastings
French critic and historian, 1828-93, author of De l'intelligence, Histoire de la littérature anglaise and other works
tango by Luis Bayón Herrera
mausoleum in Agra, India
Parodi: un complejo de edificios construido entre 1631 y 1654 en la ciudad de Agra, India, por el emperador musulmán Shah Jahan de la dinastía mogol en honor de su esposa favorita. Combina elementos de las arquitecturas islámica, persa, india y turca.
Tagus river in Spain and Portugal
title of Asano Naganori, 1687-1701, lord of the tower of Ako in Japanese legend of the forty-seven Ronins
posthumous Loomis work
Parodi: el título de la última obra de Loomis parece estar relacionado con el desasosiego provocado por el estreñimiento.
beach resort in the province of Buenos Aires
character in Walpole novel who turns into James Oliphant Tunstall
port city in Chile
street in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "A street in the centre of Buenos Aires containing numerous antiquarian and second-hand bookshops near its intersection with Corrientes." (190)
Swift satirical work, 1696
Colombian poet who lived in Neuquén, Argentina, d. 1920, author of Voz del desierto and Ecos de ausencia, built the Torre Talero in Neuquén
Poe’s collection of short-stories, 1845.
Thales of Miletus, one of the Seven Sages of ancient Greece and called the founder of physical science by Aristotle, 6th century B.C.
Sayers anthology of crime fiction, 1936 and later editions
Mitford, 1871
H. G. Wells’s collection of short stories and nouvelles, 1899.
Jack London, collection of short stories, 1906.
Poe short stories, 1840
Phillpotts, short stories, 1910.
Thalia, one of nine Greek muses, the muse of comedy
Parodi: “Melpómene y Talía”: las musas de la tragedia y de la comedia, según la mitología griega.
character in the Arabian Nights
medieval Welsh bard
Lugones story in Filosofícula
soccer team from Córdoba
Parodi: referencia a un extenso predio situado en la localidad de Remedios de Escalada, en el partido de Lanús, donde desde 1902 funcionaron los talleres generales del Ferrocarril del Sur, posteriormente rebautizado Ferrocarril General Roca. Tras la privatización del ferrocarril, un proceso que comenzó en 1991, gran parte de los talleres de reparaciones y mantenimiento, los almacenes, depósitos, oficinas y viviendas para el personal allí ocupado fueron abandonados. En 1995 se decidió sanear los edificios y terrenos e instalar allí la Universidad Nacional de Lanús, proyecto que se cumplió respetando la arquitectura de las construcciones que datan del siglo XIX. Los Talleres son mencionados también en “Signo” §9.
Argentine poet and essayist, 1904-1954, author of Las torres de Nuremberg and El tango en su etapa de música prohibida
body of Jewish laws
Fishburn and Hughes: "Jewish writings dating from the early centuries of the Christian era embodying the oral law, or Mishnah, and discussions of its interpretation. Its emphasis is on ritual and legalistic aspects of Jewish tradition. See Hasidim." (190-91)
monster of bronze, guardian of the island of Crete
French literary scholar, 1880-1959
Borges book of essays, 1926
Lugones lecture on astronomy, 1921
Marcial Tamayo Saenz. Bolivian poet and essayist (1921-1997). Author, with Adolfo Ruiz Díaz of the book Borges, enigma y clave (1955).
tenor, 1820-1889, Italian possibly of Romanian origin
Fishburn and Hughes: "A famous Italian tenor, possibly of Roumanian origin, who made his debut in Naples and sang in most of the world's opera houses. Among his most famous performances was Rossini's Otello with a libretto derived from Shakespeare, first produced in Naples in 1816 (not to be confused with Verdi's opera of the same name whose première was held in 1887 after Tamberlik had retired)." (191)
Celebrated tango dancehall in Palermo, Buenos Aires
presidential ticket in 1946 from the Unión Cívica Radical, José P. Tamborini for president and Enrique Mosca for vice-president
Marlowe play, 1590
Mongol conqueror, c.1336-1405, subject of a Marlowe play
Thames, river in southern England
Thracian bard who boasted that he could win a contest even if the Muses opposed him, whereat they blinded him and made him forget his skill
Tammany Hall, famous political organization in New York City
ancient nature deity of Babylon and Sumeria
city in southern part of the province of Buenos Aires
English actress, 1909-94
Chinese dynasty, 618-907
lake in east Africa
Tangier, port city in northern Morocco
Fishburn and Hughes: "A town in Morocco, on the straits of Gibraltar. Tangier was an important Muslim centre at the time of the Almohad dynasty." (191)
Hawthorne, 1853.
Güiraldes poem in El cencerro de cristal
El tango: cuatro conferencias. Buenos Aires: Emecé, 2016
stories by Enrique Gonzalez Tuñón, 1926
Text written by Manuel Gil de Oto (Also Known As. Miguel Toledano y Escalante)
Conference dictated by J.L. Borges at the University of Antioquía, Colombia in 1963.
Text written by Ezequiel Martínez Estrada
Camino poem in Chaquiras, 1926
Borges poem
Fernán Silva Valdés poem, from his book Agua del tiempo
Book by Argentine writer Ernesto Sabato (Buenos Aires, 1963).
face of Baal
brief Japanese poems
town in Germany, site of battle in 1410
character in Shaw's Man and Superman
13th century German Minnesinger
Short story by Macedonio Fernández.
in Greek mythology, king of Sipylos, condemned to suffer eternally in Tartarus
Parodi: “ese Tántalo de gallego con frac”: alusión al camarero. Con frecuencia, el oficio de mozo era desempeñado por inmigrantes españoles y en especial, gallegos quienes solían vestir un uniforme de chaqueta y pantalón negros. La falta de postre en la velada es comparada con el castigo sufrido por el mitológico Tántalo en el Tártaro.
late Buddhist writings
Lao Tse religious work, c.300 B.C.
Fishburn and Hughes: "A text dating from the third century BC illustrating the doctrines of Taoism. Legend attributes it to an ancient sage, Tao te Ching." (191)
Fishburn and Hughes: "From the Chinese tao, 'the way': a philosophic and religious system which has been practised in China for more than 2,000 years. Over the centuries Taoist beliefs have mingled with Buddhism and with the preachings of Confucius, leading to a similarity of ideas within the three systems. Tao views the universe as a hierarchy, the entirety of whose being is reflected in man: anyone who sets out to understand the structure of the world ends up by finding it within the workings of his own mind. All being is 'tao' and returns to it: from unity to multiplicity and back to unity. Within this unity the alternation of the complementary energy forces Yin' and Yang' is the origin of the apparent external variety of reality. While the ways of the world are many and lead to a scattering of the personality, the Taoist aims to retain a primordial conviction of unity, balancing the Yin and the Yang within himself. The elderly, closer to realising this condition, are also closer to sainthood. Hence the cult of longevity." (191)
town in northern New Mexico
town in the province of Buenos Aires near Azul
Fishburn and Hughes: "An area in the south east of the province of Buenos Aires near the hills of Tandil." (191)
Fishburn and Hughes: "The name given in Uruguay to a half-caste Indian of Guaraní descent." (191)
Elías Regules poem in Versos criollos
knife-fighter
ancient name for island of Ceylon or Sri Lanka
Fishburn and Hughes: "A gem-mining centre in Sri Lanka." (192)
Lugones poem in El libro de los paisajes
Bustos Domecq
Lugones poem in Las horas doradas
Nierenstein Souza, 1908
character in Arabian Nights
Fishburn and Hughes: "An Arab leader who landed in Gibraltar in 711 and overran almost the whole of the Iberian peninsula, conquering it within the span of seven years. A legendary account of this event is told in the Thousand and One Nights (Nights 271-2), called The City of Labtayat' (perhaps Toledo). The story is told of a tower which was always kept shut. When a king died and another succeeded him, he would add a lock, until there were twenty-four. Eventually a king arrived from a different house and insisted on opening the tower. Having pulled off the locks, he entered and found figures of turbaned Arabs on horses and camels bearing lances, and an inscription warning that whoever opened the door would conquer the country. This was when Tarik ibn Ziyad sacked the city and killed its king. Tarik proceeded along the treasure-filled chambers of the tower, and when he came to the fifth chamber he found 'a marvellous mirror, great and round, of mixed metals, which had been made for Solomon, son of David... wherein whosover looked might see the counterfeit presentment of the seven climates of the world'. Borges adapted and translated this story as ‘The Chamber of Statues’, in The Universal History of Infamy, CF 54-56." (192)
German name of town in southern Poland, Tarnowskie Góry
Fishburn and Hughes: "A town in south-west Poland, in the province of Katowice, formerly in Silesia, It had a sizeable Jewish community and in the nineteenth century flourished as a centre of Jewish Enlightenment (Haskalah). During the German Occupation, in 1943, there was an attempt, by the Tarnow ghetto, to mount a rebellion. There was no concentation camp in Tarnow." (192)
Tartary, region of Central Asia
main character in Daudet's novel Tartarin de Tarascon
Fishburn and Hughes: see Alphonse Daudet.
Tartarus, Greek god
Tartarus, lowest region of the underworld in Greek mythology
Fishburn and Hughes: "In classical mythology an abyss below Hades where the Titans were imprisoned by Zeus. Later it became a general term for the underworld." (192)
Nomadic tribes living in northeastern Mongolia.
Italian violinist, 1692-1770
Molière play, here a reference to a film adaptation
character in novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs
monastery in Tibet
Fishburn and Hughes: "Tibetan for 'mount of blessing': one of the largest lamaseries in Tibet. It was founded in the fifteenth century and its Grand Lama is regarded as the reincarnation of the Buddha Amitabha, second in rank only to the Dalai Lama." (189)
large island in southern Australia
Italian poet, 1544-95, author of Gerusalemme liberata
Fishburn and Hughes: "A glossy magazine with a strong upper-class appeal, founded in 1901." (192)
British literary periodical edited by Richard Steele from 1709 to 1711, and its several successors
Parodi: “la revista The Tattler”: una revista elegante, con temas de sociedad, fundada en Londres en 1901 por Clement Shorter. El nombre (en castellano, ‘el parlanchín’, ‘el chismoso’) retomaba el del periódico literario y de temas sociales fundado por el escritor y político irlandés Richard Steel (1672-1729) en 1709, y revelaba La intención de Steel, y más tarde la de Shorter, de publicar noticias literarias acompañadas de chismes, sin ocuparse de temas políticos. El periódico de Steel apareció sólo durante dos años, tres veces a la semana. Por su parte la revista, que durante un tiempo se publicó semanalmente, ofrecía gran cantidad de ilustraciones y noticias de la vida de la alta sociedad londinense, de fiestas, bailes y reuniones de beneficencia, de moda, de caza e hipismo.
Argentine scholar, author of Historia de nuestros viejos teatros, 1932, and of various books on silversmithing in the River Plate region, old maps of Buenos Aires and other antiquarian topics
French writer, president of the PEN Club and father of the film director Bertrand Tavernier
Uruguayan dramatist, 1821-1909, author of Cosas de todos los días, 1858
Parodi: personaje mencionado sólo en esta ocasión.
English bishop, theologian and devotional writer, 1613-67, author of Holy Living, Holy Dying and other works
British officer and journalist in India, 1808-76, author of Confessions of a Thug
Fishburn and Hughes: "An Anglo-Indian administrator, journalist and novelist. Taylor was in the service of the Nizam of Hyderabad until 1860, when he returned to England for health reasons. His novel Confessions of a Thug (1839) was instrumental in eradicating Thuggee under the British Raj. Thuggee originated in the worship of Kali, the Hindu goddess of destruction whose disciples were rewarded with the right to strangle and steal." (192-93)
British mathematician and philosopher, 1768-1835, translator of Plotinus
Tango by J.B. Abad Reyes and G. Matos Rodríguez
character in Buddhist fable
Culto del té, Lafcadio Hearn study of the Japanese tea ceremony
Glendening manual, 1961
fabulous creature of North America
opera house in Buenos Aires
Feijoo collection in 9 vols., 1726-1740
Play by Gómez de la Serna, 1912.
Rodolfo Wilcock, 1962.
in Buenos Aires
Japanese No theater
Lugones, section of Lunario sentimental
edition of Shakespeare published by the Círculo de Lectores in 1980, with a preface by Borges
Thebes, Greek city
Thebes, city in Egypt
Fishburn and Hughes: "The ancient capital of Boeotia, home of the mythical king Oedipus and the scene of other Greek tragedies. The Inmortal: The epithet 'Hekatompylos', 'with a hundred gates', is applied to Thebes by Homer in his list of the Trojan allies to indicate its wealth and power (Iliad 2. 505). The Theologians: The king of Thebes who saw two suns refers to Euripides' Bacchae (918): Pentheus, king of Thebes, grandson of Cadmus, the city's founder, has been initiated in the Dionysian rites and sent mad; he appears on the stage in a daze and utters the words: 'Why now! I seem to see two suns; a double Thebes; / Our city's walls with seven gates appears double.'" (195)
poem from Jenaro Estrada book Crucero
Swedish poet and novelist, bishop of Växjö, 1782-1846, author of Frithjofssaga
nickname for Gervasio Montenegro
capital of Iran
region of southern Mexico
Portuguese poet, 1877-1952, pseudonym of Joaquim Pereira Teixeira de Vasconcelos
(1604-1680) Argentine poet born in Córdoba.
Argentine jurist and politician, 1817-1903, author of the first Argentine Penal Code
character in Bustos Domecq story
Nydia Lamarque book, 1925
first newspaper in Buenos Aires, published 1801-1802
Telemachus, son of Odysseus in the Odyssey
nickname, see Cárdenas
Spanish general and politician, 1579-1624, subject of a Quevedo sonnet
book edited by Tomás de Lara and Inés Leonilda Roncetti de Panti, 1961
Cansinos Asséns essays, 1924
Themistocles, Athenian statesman, c. 528-462
Buenos Aires suburb
Parodi: ciudad del Gran Buenos Aires ubicada al sur de la Capital, en el partido de Lomas de Zamora. Es un importante nudo ferroviario y terminal de trasbordo de la línea ferroviaria Constitución-Ezeiza.
Shakespeare play, c. 1611
street in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "A street now known as Viamonte, in the fashionable Barrio Norte, named after the religious order of the Templars." (193)
US child film star, b. 1928, later ambassodor to the United Nations
Parodi: (1828-2014) fue una célebre actriz infantil en los años treinta; protagonizó más de cuarenta películas en las que actuó junto a las grandes estrellas de Hollywood; recibió un premio Oscar en 1935 y abandonó el cine en 1949; posteriormente actuó en la diplomacia.
character in Eden Phillpotts's Physician Heal Thyself
Rome
at Olympia
Atashkadah, Lutf Alí Azur biographical encyclopedia of Persian poets
Lenormand, 1919
Tiempo biológico, book by Lecomte du Nouy
Agatha Christie, novel, 1939.
Gertrude Stein prose poems, 1914
Fitzgerald novel, 1934
Rolland de Renéville, 1926
Fray Luis de León line in "Vida retirada"
Lugones poem in Romancero
Bret Harte story
English caricaturist and illustrator, 1820-1914, famous for his illustrations for Lewis Carroll
English poet, 1809-92, author of In Memoriam, Idylls of the King, Locksley Hall and other works
Fishburn and Hughes: "An English poet who was appointed Poet Laureate in 1850 in succession to Wordsworth. Queen Victoria's favourite poet, Tennyson was the most representative versifier of the Victorian era. His Idylls of the King, a series of connected verses on the Arthurian legend, the first of which was written in 1842 and the last in 1885, was outstandingly popular. The distinguishing feature of Tennyson's poetry is his sensitivity to the sound of words. In an article on the translations of the Thousand and One Nights, Borges discusses the theme of the story -within-a-story, quoting a line from Tennyson as the perfect definition: 'Laborious orient ivory, sphere in sphere' (TL 109). The allusion is to 'Flower in the Crannied Wall' (1869) which reads: 'Flower in the crannied wall, /I pluck you out of the crannies, /I hold you here, root and all, in my hand, / Little flower - but if I could understand / What you are, root and all, and all in all, /I should know what God and man is.'" (193)
name for Don Juan in 1844 Zorrilla play
Text written by Federico M. Quintana.
Malraux novel, 1926
Flaubert prose poem, three versions of which were written before it was published in 1874
Work, 1911, attributed in the Antología de la literatura fantástica to I. A. Ireland.
Theocritus, Hellenistic Greek poet, fl. c. 270 B.C., author of pastoral idylls
Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, rival of Odoacer and conqueror of Italy, c.454-526, sometimes called Theodoric of Verona or Dietrich von Berne
Theogony, Hesiod poem on the origin and genealogies of the gods
Name given in the Antología de la literatura fantástica to a fragment of Arcana Coelestia (1749) by Swedenborg.
Borges story in El Aleph
Theopompus, Greek historian and rhetorician, b. c. 378 B.C., author of the Hellenica and the Philippica
Fishburn and Hughes: "A Greek historian, author of a history of Greece in twelve books of which only some fragments remain, and of Philippics. The latter is based on the reign of Philip of Macedon (360-336 BC) and contains long digressions on the nations with whom Macedon came into contact. The original text is lost, but fragments are quoted by Plutarch and other later historians. The reference is to a passage from Philippics during a dialogue betweeen Silenus and Milenus. Silenus talks of a continent where, among other wonderful things, there grow by the River of Pleasure trees which produce fruit of a 'contrary nature': anyone who eats the fruit 'forgets what he loved and desired, grows younger and relives his life... becoming a youth, a child, an infant and then dying' (Aelian, Varia Historia, bk. 8)." (195-96)
planned Borges book
Croce book on historiography, 1916
Spanish Carmelite nun, Doctor of the Church and leading mystic writer, born Teresa de Cepeda y Ahumada in Avila, 1519-1582
Parodi: “Teresa de Cepeda y Ahumada”: (1515−1582), también conocida por el nombre de santa Teresa de Jesús o santa Teresa de Ávila; religiosa, Doctora de la Iglesia Católica, mística y escritora española; fundadora de la orden de las Carmelitas Descalzas. Autora de Camino de perfección; Conceptos del amor de Dios y Castillo interior o Las moradas, entre varios otros títulos.
title of theatrical comedy in Bustos Domecq story
Thermopylae, site of battle between Greeks and Persians
Parodi: “No te mandés a bodega todos los Terrabussi, morfón”: desde 1911, la fábrica Terrabussi produce fideos, galletitas, alfajores y golosinas. ‘Mandarse algo a la bodega’: mandar al estómago, comérselo; ‘mandarse’, cf. “Toros” v §9. ‘Morfón’: de ‘morfar’, italianismo por ‘comer’; Gobello (Lunfardía) lo vincula con el genovés smorfiri, vocablo del hampa con el significado de ‘comer’. Para el empleo de ‘mandés’ en lugar de ‘mandes’, cf. supra ii §43.
Markland or Newfoundland
character in Bustos Domecq story
Pérez Zelaschi, novel, 1954.
Aquilino Ribeiro novel, 1919
city in Indiana
Fishburn and Hughes: "'He was of frightening appearance but had a gentle nature / and his long beard fell on his strong chest': from the anonymous epitaph to Droctulft which appears in full in Paul the Deacon's History of the Lombards (3. 19). The lines are quoted by Gibbon in chapter 45 of the Decline and Fall to describe 'the influence of climate and example' which the Lombards underwent in contact with the culture of Italy. Gibbon remarks that the Lombards so succumbed to the influence of those they conquered that by the fourth generation 'they surveyed with curiosity and affright the portraits of their savage forefathers'. The lines are quoted also by Croce in La Poesia as an example of poetry blossoming spontaneously in the most unexpected situations. See 'Contempsit caros ...'" (193)
Machen, 1917
British mathematician, president of The Duodecimal Society in 1945 and author of a book on duodecimal arithmetic
Uspenski mystical work, 1920
Quintus Septimus Florens Tertullianus, Roman theologian and Christian apologist, c. 160-c. 230, author of Apologeticus
Thessaly, a district of northern Greece
Fishburn and Hughes: "An area of north-central Greece inhabited at least since 1000 BC in which was situated the beautiful Vale of Tempo. Thessaly passed to Macedon in 344 BC and two centuries later became part of the Roman province of Macedonia. The river mentioned here could be the Peneus or one of its two tributaries, the Titaresios or the Enipeus." (196)
Boccaccio poem about Theseus
Theseus, in Greek mythology, hero of Athens, son of Aegeus and killer of the Minotaur
Fishburn and Hughes: "A mythical Greek hero, the son of Aegeus and the slayer of the Minotaur. Among Theseus' other heroic adventures were the killing of Procrustes and the defeat of the Amazons and Centaurs." (197)
encyclopedia for children in 20 vols.
Parodi: El Tesoro de la Juventud o Enciclopedia de Conocimiento, una colección de veinte tomos y más de 7.000 páginas ilustradas, originariamente publicada en inglés; fue traducida al castellano, editada y distribuida en América Latina por la Editorial Jackson en 1920. En cada país, las primeras ediciones contaron con la colaboración de escritores y científicos locales; en la edición argentina −dirigida por Estanislao Zeballos− colaboraron entre otros Miguel de Unamuno, José Enrique Rodó, Adolfo Holmberg. Cada tomo, encuadernado en tela e impreso en papel satinado, incluía cuentos tradicionales, poesías, biografías de hombres y mujeres famosos, información sobre temas científicos, geográficos, históricos, literarios; lecciones de francés e inglés; manualidades; juegos, canciones, con excelentes ilustraciones y fotografías. Fue la más célebre y difundida enciclopedia para niños del siglo XX, una obra infaltable en muchas bibliotecas domésticas, que podía adquirirse junto con un mueble diseñado especialmente para contener y exhibir los veinte tomos.
Covarrubias dictionary, 1611
Lugones story in Filosofícula
Robert Bridges philosophical poem, 1929
character in Valéry
Fishburn and Hughes: "A fictional character, the protagonist of Valéry's early prose work La Soirée avec Monsieur Teste (1896). Edmond Teste is considered to be Valéry's alter ego: the opinions expressed by him during the course of his nocturnal conversations embody the literary ideas and intellectual pursuits of his author - concern with metre, syntax and punctuation, linguistic preciosity and a catholic interest in subjects as diverse as lithography, chess and philosophy. Pierre Menard, who reflects many of Borges's interests and preoccupations, may be seen as a parody of Edmond Teste." (193-94)
Zorrilla, 1845.
ten volumes of collected essays by Victoria Ocampo
Thetis in Greek mythology, a Nereid, mother of Achilles
Milton essay on divorce, 1645
four letters of sacred name in Judaism
Fishburn and Hughes: "From the Greek tettara, 'four' and gramma, 'letter': the technical name in Judaism for the four Hebrew letters J H V H denoting the pre-eminent name of God: that which is separate from, and which exceeds, all other appellations. Of uncertain meaning, it is generally thought to be etymologically connected with an imperfect form of the Hebrew verb 'to be'. The tetragrammaton was uttered only by the high priest during worship in the temple, probably to safeguard it from desecration by heathens. It was held in such reverence that, after the destruction of the temple, its utterance was forbidden, and in the liturgical passages in which it appeared it was pronounced Adonai ('Lord'). In a non-religious context it was referred to simply as 'the Name'. There is historical precedent for Borges's irreverent and perhaps subversive use of the tetragrammaton in 'Death and the Compass'. As its utterance fell into disuse its original pronunciation became uncertain (though it is now thought to be represented in English by the sound Yahweh'). Moreover it often came to be written in an abbreviated or substitute form worked out by means of combinations based on the numerical value of the four sacred letters. This extreme reverence attracted a heretical belief in its magic and healing properties, and its letters were used in magic papyri and inscribed in amulets." (194)
character in Borges story
Fishburn and Hughes: "From the Greek for 'ruler of one of four divisions': a term meaning 'vassal-ruler' given to minor despots in the provinces of Judaea and Syria in the Roman period. There was obviously no Tetrarch of Galileo at the time in which 'Death and the Compass' was set, but the name recalls Herod Antipas, son of Herod the Great, who was Tetrarch of Galilee during the lifetime of Jesus and who beheaded John the Baptist." (194)
Tetouan, city in Morocco
Fishburn and Hughes: "The capital of Spanish Morocco, a town and port on the Mediterranean dating from the expulsion of the Muslims from Spain in 1492. It served as a refuge also for some Spanish and Portuguese Jews, who formed their own community from 1511 onwards, preserving their language, customs and traditions. From 1807 until 1912 Jews were consigned to their own quarter, called the judería." (194)
Parodi: la Biblia del Diablo, del siglo XIII, conocida también como Códice Gigas, es por su tamaño (92 cm de alto, 50 cm de ancho y 22 cm de grosor) el mayor manuscrito medieval del mundo. El nombre de Teufelsbibel proviene de una ilustración del Diablo (Teufel, en alemán) incluida en el códice.
character in Carlyle's Sartor Resartus
state in United States
Pseudonym of Eden Phillpotts (1862-1960).
English novelist, 1811-1863, author of Vanity Fair and numerous other works
Southey poem, 1801
German physician, co-author of "Prophylaxis of Puerperal Fever by Lactic Acid Vaginal Douches" (1915)
street in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "A street in Buenos Aires running from Villa Crespo to Palermo. Thames no longer intersects with Triunvirato: by mentioning 'the corner' of these two streets, Borges is evoking the Palermo of his youth. Allusion to this corner of old Buenos Aires, which has long disappeared, conjures up the life of hoodlums and petty criminals nostalgically recalled in Borges's collection of poems Para las seis cuerdas (For the Guitar). In 'The Puppet' a pimp meets his fate:
Un balazo lo tumbó
En Thames y Triunvirato;
Se mudó a un barrio vecino,
En la Quinta del Ñato.
A pistol shot brought him down on the corner of Thames and Triunvirato; he moved to a new neighbourhood, the cemetery, called Quinta del Ñato (Trans. Anthony Edkins)." (194)
Chinese monster
character in the Njals Saga
The Devil's Advocate: A Plea for Superstition (1909), work by James George Frazer.
Short story by English writer and caricaturist Max Beerbohm (1872-1956) first published in the journal The Yellow Book in 1896 and then as a separate volume in 1897.
Work attributed to George Loring Frost (1913).
Story by Edgar Allan Poe, 1842
Thomas De Quincey essay on the deeper layers of human consciousness and memory
Fishburn and Hughes: "A quotation from Don Quixote, part 1, ch.26. The Knight of the Doleful Countenance, having decided to imitate the style of Amadis of Gaul (the hero of an early romance of chivalry), engraves lamentations on the bark of a tree and calls on the mythical creatures of the woods and 'the river nymphs and the dolorous and humid Echo' for consolation. Rodríguez Martín in his notes to the Clásicos Castellanos edition offers the following explanation for the epithets 'dolorous and humid'. The nymph Echo, daughter of Air and Earth, is condemned by Juno to silence except for repeating the last two syllables of anything said to her. She is called dolorous and humid because, having been rejected by Narcissus for her disabilities, she retires to the caverns and glens, where she is consumed by grief." (195)
Work attributed to Geroge Loring Frost (1924).
Work attributed to George Loring Frost (1931).
Work attributed to George Loring Frost (1919).
Fishburn and Hughes: "Perhaps an allusion to the myth of Daedalus. Daedalus, on the orders of King Minos, constructed a labyrinth for the Minotaur to live in and trap his victims. Fearing that Daedalus would reveal the secret of his design, Minos imprisoned him in the labyrinth with his son Icarus. Daedalus thereupon made wings for himself and his son, and they both flew out of the labyrinth." (195)
Aldous Huxley poem
perhaps a reference to the Latin poem Thebais by Statius, c. 91 A.D.
Parodi: ‘doctor Thebussem’ fue el pseudónimo empleado por el múltiple escritor español Mariano José María, Odón de la Santísima Trinidad, Pardo de Figueroa y de la Serna (1828-1918). Es autor de más de ochenta libros sobre una diversidad de temas de gastronomía, correo, costumbres, pesca, tauromaquia, caza; fue un destacado estudioso de la obra de Cervantes y también incursionó en gramática, biografías, fábulas, filología, historia, lexicografía, teatro, etc. Correspondiente de la Real Academia Española, fue además Cartero Honorario de España y de las Indias, y miembro de sociedades de Gastronomía y Filatélica de Londres, siendo además presidente de El Arte Culinario de Madrid. Mantuvo un copioso epistolario con personajes de la época; se conservan de él unas 12.000 cartas. De su pseudónimo –un anagrama invertido de ‘embustes’− se deriva el título de su obra Thebussianas (1886), entendidas como ‘naderías’, ‘pequeñeces’, de la que publicó una primera serie, que fue traducida al ruso, polaco, alemán, inglés, italiano y portugués. Los textos que componen el libro incluyen títulos variados: “Farsas del Quijote”, “Fórmulas”, “Señor y Don”, “Hablen cartas”, “Noticias de la Biblioteca del Dr. Thebussem”, “Más noticias de la Biblioteca del Dr. Thebussem”, “Cartas de Paca Pérez”, y otros. Las Thebussianas (segunda serie) de César Paladión son del período 1911-1919.
British textual editor, 1668-1744, author of Shakespeare Restored. His work in seven volumes is a rival edition to Pope’s which it critiques, suggesting many variants
Theodorus of Cyrene, Greek atheist philosopher and mathematician
Veblen, 1899
Borges horror story in El libro de arena
Fishburn and Hughes: "The basic Muslim profession of faith: 'There is no God but Allah and Mohammed is his Prophet.' See Allah." (196)
Fishburn and Hughes: "A quotation from chapter 103 of T.E. Lawrence's Seven Pillars of Wisdom. The chapter is entitled 'Myself and consists of a self-analysis on the author's thirtieth birthday. Near to fulfilling the ambitions of four years earlier, at the start of his Arab adventure Lawrence feels unworthy of the 'trust' and 'favourable opinion' he enjoys and wonders if all established reputations like his are 'founded on fraud'. He confesses that, though he has always craved to be popular and famous and has been afraid of failure, he has also felt a deep attraction for base behaviour. 'There seemed a certainty in degradation,' he explains: a kind of safety, for no matter how high one could rise there was a limit below which one could not fall." (196)
Nicholas Blake novel, 1937
French literary critic and novelist, 1891-1967
Swedenborg
Quicherat, 1836
Fishburn and Hughes: see Louis-Marie Quicherat.
Phillpotts, novel, 1945.
French literary critic, 1874-1936, author of Histoire de la littérature française de 1789 à nos jours and numerous other works on modern French literature
Icelandic saga of the 13th century based on the Hildebrandslied
German writer, 1860-1914, wife of Gerhart Hauptmann from 1885 to 1904
French historian, 1795-1856, author of L'Histoire de la conquête de l'Angleterre par les Normands, Récits des temps merovingiens and other works
German theologian, author of Die theologisiriende rechts- und staatslehre, 1861, studies of Spinoza and other works
Fishburn and Hughes: "A colleague of Gesenius, with whom he travelled in 1822 to Paris, London and Oxford to examine oriental manuscripts." (196)
Hammett novel, 1934
town in Iceland, site of ancient monastery
Machen autobiography, 1923
Augustine Birrell autobiography
Menzies film, 1936, based on the Wells novel The Shape of Things to Come
1949 film directed by Carol Reed based on a filmscript by Graham Greene, who later developed the script into a novella
Fishburn and Hughes: "From the German Reich, 'empire': a concept made popular by a treatise Das Dritte Reich ('The Third Reich') published in 1923 by A. Moller van den Bruck. It originated in the Christian tradition of the millennium described in the book of Revelation (20-22) and adopted in the twelfth century by the German theologian J. von Floris (1132-1202). Floris divided all time into three ages: the age of the Father (up to the birth of Christ); the age of the Son (up to 1260); and the age of the Holy Spirit, or Drittes Reich, a messianic age in which there would be a universal reordering of peoples and nations. Under National Socialism the idea of a Third Reich was reinterpreted in triadic Hegelian terms, as the synthesis of the First Reich, the Holy Roman Empire, 962-1806, (the thesis), and the Second Reich, the empire of the Hohenzollerns created by Bismark in 1871, (the antithesis)." (196-97)
Buchan novel, 1915
Hitchcock film, 1935, later remade in 1959 and 1978 by other directors
British historian and bishop, 1797-1875
Ésta es mi historia, Eleanor Roosevelt, 1937
Pearl Buck novel, 1938
Dickinson poem
English martyr, politician and archbishop of Canterbury, 1118-1170
Thomas Hammerlein or Hammerken, German monk, c. 1379-1471, traditional author of De Imitatione Christi
Cocteau novel, 1923, made into a film in 1964 by Georges Franju
Feuchtwanger novel, 1920
Anglo-Indian scholar, 1869-1958, author of The Life of Buddha as Legend and History
English poet, 1859-1907, author of The Hound of Heaven
Thunaer or Thunor or Donar, Norse god of thunder
character in Grettirs Saga
US essayist, naturalist and poet, 1817-62, author of Walden, Civil Disobedience and other works
Icelandic leader of an attempt to colonize America, fl. 1002-1015
one of the gates in the old walls around York, England
Turgesius, 9th century Viking conqueror of Ireland
Icelander, 1816-1879
one of Gudrun's husbands in the Laxdoela Saga
Icelandic scholar and professor, 1752-1829, who copied the Beowulf manuscript and published it in 1815
character in Borges story
German photographer and painter, 1908-1986, whose book of photographs of Argentina has a preface by Borges
character in the Fostbroethra Saga who dies singing
town near Peterborough, England
character in the Egils Saga
powerful leader in Thorsness in medieval Iceland, mentioned in the Eyrbyggja and Njal Sagas, grandfather of Snorri Sturluson
character in Borges story said to have written a biography of Shakespeare published in the USA. Possible allusion to Thorpe Running wrote on Borges’s ultraist poetry in Bloom’s Jorge Luis Borges, Modern Critical Views
Thorstein Olafsson, Viking chieftain in late ninth-century Scotland
Thorstein Oxfoot, Icelander whose adventures are narrated in the Heimskringla
two Icelandic sagas feature Thorsteinn Uxafotr, who also appears in the Flateyjarbok
character in the Sturlunga Saga, enemy of Hrafn Sveinbjornsson
Danish sculptor, c. 1770-1844, known for his heroic neoclassical monuments
Egyptian god, see also Hermes Trismegisto
Poe story, 1844
Mil y una noches, Lane translation, 1840
Fishburn and Hughes: "An anonymous collection of tales of Indian origin but of uncertain date translated into Persian and Arabic. Its nucleus was expanded with stories from Baghdad, anecdotes about rogues and tricksters from Cairo, and other independent tales, to make up a number intended originally as meaning simply 'a large quantity'. The stories can be divided into three kinds: 'histories', or long romances based on historical or allegedly historical events; anecdotes, short stories dealing with historical personages, mainly of the Abbasid Caliphate; and romances and romantic fiction. The last category can be subdivided into: stories which are purely romantic, making free use of the supernatural; stories which appear to be purely fictitious but which reproduce the habits and manners of the Abbasid Caliphate and the Eyonbite Sultans of Egypt; and - the largest category, from which most European authors have drawn inspiration - stories which are purely fictitious, and stories of miracles and saints. There are also moral stories and some tales which serve as an excuse for dissertations upon various subjects. The most striking characteristic of the book is the extreme simplicity of its style, which belies most Western readers' expectation of tales 'showering barbaric pearl and gold'. The Thousand and One Nights first became known in Europe during the eighteenth century. Borges was an avid reader of the work, which he declared 'superior to the Koran' for its imaginative power. He often referred to it in his fiction and wrote an essay on its various translations (TL 92-109). As a boy he found Burton's unexpurgated translation, published in London in 1885-8, in his father's library. This edition was considered pornographic at the time because of its illustrations and sexual references, and Borges claims he had to read it secretly in the attic but was too carried away by the splendour of the narrative to notice its erotic content. A number of other editions are also mentioned by Borges. Many aspects of the book fascinated him, such as the circular form of the narrative which makes it the eternal book, the idea of multiple stories told within the framework of a single story, and the disquieting effect of the story which includes its own story-telling. TL: in Vol. 10, 128-9, of Burton's Arabian Nights discusses the rise of Sufism (before 815 AD) and its influence upon Islamic thought and art. Burton defines 'Sufyism' as 'a revival of classic Platonism and Christian Gnosticism with a mingling of modern Hylozoism; which, quickened by the glowing imagination of the East, speedily formed itself into a creed the most poetical and impractical, the most spiritual and the most transcendental ever invented.' See Night of Nights, Scheherazade." (197-98)
general, character in Borges story
character in Borges story
May Sinclair biography, 1912
Short story by Eden Phillpotts (1862-1960).
Chesterton story in The Paradoxes of Mr. Pond, 1936
Machen, 1895
Stein novellas, 1908
Santayana, 1910
Shaw, 1901
May Sinclair novel, 1914
Hemingway, 1923
Waley study, 1939
Kipling story
the second of Lewis Carroll's Alice books, 1872
Old Norse name for Thrace
giant in the Elder Edda who stole Thor's ax
a humorous episode in the Elder Edda involving Thor, Freyja and the giant Thrymr
Trueno a la izquierda, Christopher Morley, 1925
Swiss river
Fishburn and Hughes: "A pseudo-Chinese literary reference, untypical since military heroism is not a common theme in Chinese literature. In early Chinese poetry references to bravery were normally connected with hunting. In later periods military figures were presented as tragic victims who had died on distant borders and whose souls wandered unhappily, or as errant husbands who had abandoned their wives for long periods. Only in popular fiction do bandit-warriors attain heroic stature." (198)
Chinese monster
Chinese monster
river in Rome
Fishburn and Hughes: "The greatest river in Central Italy, by whose left bank Rome was built." (198)
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, Roman political leader, c. 168-133
country in Himalayas
brand of alarm clocks
Parodi: popular marca de relojes que aparece en algunas publicidades de la época; Bioy la menciona en el Cap. xxiv de Sueño.
Henriette Félicité, Roger Charles Tichborne's French mother, who recognized the Claimant
heir to the Tichborne baronetcy, b. 1829, whose disappearance, and the subsequent reappearance of someone claiming to be him, led to the longest case in British legal history
Stevenson poem on premonitions of death, about the battle of Ticonderoga in New York
Borges essay in Historia de la eternidad
Argentine poet, 1906-1980, pseudonym of Israel Zeitlin
Gaspar Martin philosophical work, 1924
Borges essay, perhaps El tiempo circular
Tianjin, city in China
Fishburn and Hughes: "A city in north-east China." (198)
Greek earth god
the planet earth
term for the interior of the pampas region
long poem by Antonio Machado, from the book Campos de Castilla, 1912
poor neighborhood of Buenos Aires at the turn of the century
Ipuche book of poems, 1924
Arturo Capdevila, 1967
the Holy Land, see also Israel
Daneri poem, 1942
Sackville-West poem, see Land, The
Typhon, a dragon-like monster in Greek mythology
Carl Van Vechten, 1922
Lanier novel, 1867
story by Kipling
in the mythology of Assam and China, the animal that presides over the west
tiger that lives in mirrors, according to people in Yunnan
nickname for the gaucho outlaw Felipe Pacheco, subject of a novel by Eduardo Gutiérrez
town and cluster of islands in the Paraná delta near Buenos Aires
mythical tigers of Annam, presiding over the four corners of the universe
river in Turkey and Iraq
pre-Columbian ruin in the Quebrada de Humahuaca in Jujuy
Strindberg play, 1898
Dickson Carr, novel, 1944.
Benny Goodman song
German philosopher, 1866-1912, first English translator of Nietzsche's Also Sprach Zarathustra
British scholar, 1889-1962, author of The Elizabethan World Picture and The Miltonic Setting
former German name for city of Sovetsk in western Russia
Fishburn and Hughes: "A city in the USSR formerly in East Prussia, famous for the meeting in 1807 of Napoleon and Czar Alexander which led to a peace treaty between France, Russia and Prussia." (198)
Silvina Ocampo, short story.
Priestley play, 1937
Dunsany, 1906
Wells novel, 1895
Saroyan play, 1939
Plato dialogue
TLS, initially weekly supplement to the Times of London (1902-1914), now a separate magazine
Fishburn and Hughes: "A weekly book supplement of The Times, first published in January 1902." (198)
London newspaper founded in 1785
Shakespeare play
US poet, 1828-1867
perhaps Ting Kau, in Hong Kong
knife-fighter in Buenos Aires
Borges story in Historia universal de la infamia, 1935
Inuit child in Paul Emile Victor book
in Greek mythology and literature, blind soothsayer
Tyre, ancient Phoenician city, now in Lebanon
shooting club in Buenos Aires whose club on Avenida del Libertador in Núñez, Buenos Aires, has been declared a national monument
Parodi: “Tiro Suizo versus el Tiro Federal”: dos instituciones que iniciaron la práctica del tiro al blanco en Argentina. La primera fue fundada a mediados del siglo xix por inmigrantes suizos en algunas de sus colonias rurales; la sede de Tiro Suizo en Buenos Aires, en el barrio de Belgrano, se creó en 1872. La segunda institución, el Tiro Federal Argentino, fue una iniciativa estatal orientada a la defensa territorial y a la práctica de tiro con armas de guerra; su sede principal está en Buenos Aires y cuenta con filiales en las provincias; el primer polígono de tiro de la institución se inauguró en el barrio de Palermo en 1896.
Parodi: “Tiro Suizo versus el Tiro Federal”: dos instituciones que iniciaron la práctica del tiro al blanco en Argentina. La primera fue fundada a mediados del siglo xix por inmigrantes suizos en algunas de sus colonias rurales; la sede de Tiro Suizo en Buenos Aires, en el barrio de Belgrano, se creó en 1872. La segunda institución, el Tiro Federal Argentino, fue una iniciativa estatal orientada a la defensa territorial y a la práctica de tiro con armas de guerra; su sede principal está en Buenos Aires y cuenta con filiales en las provincias; el primer polígono de tiro de la institución se inauguró en el barrio de Palermo en 1896.
Tyrol, region in southwestern Austria and northeastern Italy
pseud. of Gabriel Téllez, Spanish dramatist, 1584?-1648, author of El burlador de Sevilla and numerous other plays
Argentine scholar, 1879-1945, editor of the Martín Fierro
Parodi: “pasé del vino Toro al vino Titán”: dos marcas de vinos de mesa de bajo precio.
Dreiser novel, 1914
Titans in Greek mythology, twelve primeval deities
knife fighter in Buenos Aires
character in the sainete La Paloma
woman accused of witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692
Tyr, Norse deity
Titian, Italian painter
imaginary planet in the literature of Uqbar
Fishburn and Hughes: "One of two regions in an imaginary planet referred to in the literature of Uqbar, the other being Mlejnas. Its description is said to be contained in A First Encyclopaedia of Tlön. Eventually material objects from this ideal region begin to invade reality. The nasal sound of 'Tlön' connotes a Nordic atmosphere always idealised in Borges's writings, contrasting with the Arabic sounds of the more earthbound Uqbar." (198)
Borges story, 1940
Keats ode, 1819
Countee Cullen poem
Lubitsch film comedy, 1942
Hamlet soliloquy
Hemingway novel, 1937
Marvell poem
Burton, 1883
Woolf novel, 1927
John Dickson Carr novel, 1938
Caldwell novel, 1932
town in Spain, noted for the palace of the lady Dulcinea
character in the Libro del Buen Amor
Heine
Werfel novella, 1928
story from Espínola book Raza ciega
Mallea novel, 1943
Parodi: “copón de Tokay, 1891”: vino antiguo y famoso producido en esa región de Hungría y las lindantes de Eslovaquia.
cafe and bar frequented by characters in Suárez Lynch novella
Parodi: “café-bar Tokio”: aunque existen en la ciudad varios bares con ese nombre, posiblemente se trata aquí del bar “El Tokio”, inaugurado en 1930 y uno de los cinco bares aún existentes más antiguos de Buenos Aires. Ubicado en el barrio de Villa del Parque, recibió ese nombre por ocupar la esquina de la Avenida Álvarez Jonte y el Pasaje Tokio.
character in Suárez Lynch novella
capital city of Japan, formerly Edo. (Tokio)
name on runic inscription
British deist philosopher, 1670-1722
Girondo poem in Calcomanías
city in central Spain
Sudermann novel, 1926
town in the province of Buenos Aires
Parodi: localidad industrial y estación ferroviaria colindante con la ciudad de La Plata (cf. “Testigo” §8), donde vive el narrador de “Fiesta”.
gaucho, character in Ascasubi's Santos Vega
Lyev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Russian novelist and philosopher, 1828-1910, author of War and Peace, Anna Karenina and many other works
city in Mexico west of Mexico City
Twain novel, 1876
mountain that was of strategic importance in the northern Italian battles of the First World War
Timbuktu, city in Mali
British writer and journalist, 1873-1958
Italian poet and critic, 1802-74, author of dictionaries, a novel and a commentary on Dante
Lugones poem in Romancero
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: el “Nene Tonelada, de apelativo Cagnazzo”: el Nene Tonelada, posiblemente un individuo de dimensiones y gordura excepcionales, lleva un apellido italiano −Cagnazzo−, que coincide con el de uno de los demonios que Dante menciona en la Divina Comedia, en el Infierno (Cantos XXI, XXII y XXIII). El nombre de este demonio sugiere rasgos de maldad y animalidad. En italiano, cagnazzo equivale a ‘perro grande’, perrazo. Para otros personajes con nombre de demonios dantescos en Bustos, cf. Graffiacane, Rubicante, infra §13; Farfarello, “Hijo” i §2.
beach resort in the province of Buenos Aires
French medieval scholar, 1877-1948, editor with Colleville of the Nibelungenlied
H. G. Wells novel, 1909
Shaw play, 1932
Marcel Pagnol play
Cosmas treatise on geography
Fishburn and Hughes: see Cosmas.
Work by Rabelais, 1534.
five books of Moses in Hebrew Bible
Phillpotts, short stories, 1929.
pseudonym of Adolfo Correia da Rocha, Portuguese writer, 1907-1995, author of Novos contos da montanha and many other works
knife-fighter
tango sung by Carlos Marambio Catan
thirteenth-century Portuguese troubadour
Parodi: “pasé del vino Toro al vino Titán”: dos marcas de vinos de mesa de bajo precio.
knife-fighter
Spanish Dominican priest and inquisitor, 1420-1498
Italian literary scholar, 1853-1938, author of Dante e la cultura sveva, Le donne italiane nella poesia provenzale and other works
Lugones book of essays, 1919
Torre della Fame or Torre della Muda in Pisa, described in Dante's Inferno, canto 33
town in Ciudad Real in Spain
medieval tower in Seville
Argentine film director, 1924-78, made adaptation of Emma Zunz entitled Días de odio
Spanish critic, poet and translator, 1900-71, husband of Norah Borges, author of Manifiesto vertical ultraísta, Hélices, Literaturas europeas de vanguardia and other works
Hemingway satirical novel, 1926
Spanish priest, scholar and Biblical translator, 1772-1847
Spanish writer, 1693-1770, author of a famous autobiography
one of the four magical animals in China
in Chinese mythology, animal which presides over the north
Parodi: uno de los equipos de polo más famosos del país, el Tortugas Country Club, ubicado en la localidad de Tortuguitas, en la ciudad de Pilar
Villiers de L'isle Adam's story published in Nouveaux contes cruels (1888).
Italian conductor, 1867-1957
Parodi: “le calcé un medio Toscanini en el morro”: ‘calzar’ se emplea popularmente con complementos como una trompada, una bofetada, y tiene el sentido de asestar un golpe con violencia. El apellido Toscanini está empleado con el significado de toscano, un cigarro de hoja; cf. para toscano “Sangiácomo” i §11; para Toscanini, cf. “Limardo” i §13.
Unknown employee of Biblioteca Nacional mentioned by Borges.
Alonso Fernández de Madrigal or Tostatus Abulensis, Spanish theologian, bishop of Avila, c. 1400-1455, author of Libro de las quatro questiones, Opus aureum and other works
Parodi: teólogo, exégeta y obispo de Ávila Alonso Tostado de Madrigal (c.1400-1455), llamado “el Tostado”, autor de un comentario de las Crónicas de Eusebio, comentarios sobre el Nuevo Testamento y obras menores (Arte o instrucción para todo fiel cristiano: cómo ha de decir misa y su valor, Conclusiones contra clérigos concubinarios; Libro que trata del modo que se ha de tener en curar halcones, azores y gavilanes, etc.).
earl of Northumbria, d. 1066, mentioned in Heimskringla
Work by James George Frazer (1910).
French poet, journalist and novelist, 1867-1920, best known for the polished verse of Les Contrerimes
Fishburn and Hughes: "A French writer famous for his conversational wit and literary pyrotechnics. Toulet employed unusual syntactical structures, turns of phrase and analogies to convey complex ideas. His many works include Le manage, de Don Quichotte (1902). Borges refers to Toulet and his 'Contrerimes' (TL100)." (199)
street in Borges story La muerte y la brújula
Fishburn and Hughes: "In his 'Commentaries' Borges identifies the rue de Toulon with the Paseo Colón or the old Paseo de Julio, a street by the port of Buenos Aires known for its brothels and rowdy taverns (Aleph 173)." (199)
city in France, sometimes called Tolosa by Borges
English dramatist and poet, c. 1575-1626, author of The Revenger's Tragedy, The Atheist's Tragedy and other works
critic and editor of Pascal, author of Une Vie avec Pascal, 1943
study of Icelandic literature by a character in a Borges story
London monument that includes a medieval castle
Yeats book of poems, 1928
Fishburn and Hughes: "A collection of poems by W.B. Yeats published in 1928. The lines 'So the Platonic Year / Whirls out new right and wrong', quoted as an epigraph to the story 'Theme of the Traitor and the Hero', come from section 2 of Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen, written in response to atrocities committed during 1919 by the Black and Tans at Gort in Galway. The poem contrasts images of the past with the present in which 'the growing murderousness of the world' reappears. The passage evokes the concept of recurring history and the theme of men acting according to a 'prefigured' scheme, both central to the story. The term 'Platonic Year' refers to Plato's theory enunciated in the Timaeus (39), concerning the revolution of the planets which will eventually return to their starting point (Etern. 92)." (199)
English historian, 1889-1975, author of A Study of History
character in Zen Buddhist fable
Saki’s, collection of short stories published posthumously in 1919.
Hesiod's Works and Days, poem on the virtues of work
author of Jewish Magic and Superstition, 1939
Thrace, region of Greece
Fray Gaspar da Cruz travel book, 1569
US film actor, 1900-1967
Alfred Aloysius "Trader" Horn, 1861-1931, ivory trader in central Africa, author of Trader Horn: A Young Man's Astounding Adventures in 19th-Century Equatorial Africa and the subject of several films
Book written by Pastor Servando Obligado (1841-1924)
Eliot essay, 1920
tentative title of Borges story
site of naval battle between French and British forces in 1805 near Gibraltar
Fishburn and Hughes: "A cape in Spain, south of Cadiz, the scene of Nelson's famous victory in the Napoleonic wars (21 October 1805)." (200)
Aeschylus tragic plays
Shakespeare
Michael Innes, short story.
Barnaby Ross, novel.
Barnaby Ross, novel.
Papini
Benda work on the mission of the intellectual, 1927
Fishburn and Hughes: "'Betrayal of the intellectuals': the title of a French pamphlet by Julien Benda (1867-1956) published in 1927. Benda attacked nineteenth- and twentieth-century intellectuals who had failed to uphold their spiritual ideals, and had become involved instead in political and social causes. The expression has passed into common usage in France, though ironically it is often used to reproach those intellectuals who have retired from the problems of real life to their ivory towers." (199)
Zorrilla, 1849.
S. Ocampo and Wilcock, play in verse, 1956.
English journalist and biographer, 1842-1900, author of works on Salisbury, Sterne, Coleridge and others
Condillac philosophical treatise, 1754
René Ghil, 1886
Marcus Ulpius Trajanus, Roman emperor, c.53-117
Austrian poet, 1887-1914
Collection of short stories by Adolfo Bioy Casares, 1948.
region of South Africa
character in Borges story
author of Les Voyageurs arabes au Moyen Age, 1937
Roberto Ledesma, 1933
Lugones poem in Poemas solariegos
Nagarjuna treatise, a fundamental work of Mahayana Buddhism
Feijóo
Nazi children's book, 1936
Borges poem in La moneda de hierro
Leonhard Frank novel, 1936
Klemm book, 1920
former state in southern India, now part of Kerala state
Fishburn and Hughes: "A state on the west coast of southern India." (199)
Dunsany, 1931
Dreiser autobiography, 1913
Doughty book, 1888
character in Borges-Levinson story
Verdi opera, 1853
Stevenson romance, 1883
Phillpotts, 1924
Hume philosophical work, 1739-40
Tratado del amor conyugal, Swedenborg treatise in Latin, translated into English in 1788
Trebius Niger, quoted on several points in natural history by Pliny
city in eastern Turkey
James story, 1900
Capote collection of stories, 1949
chapter in Costa Alvarez book, El castellano en la Argentina, 1928
town in Uruguay
Fishburn and Hughes: "The thirty-three heroes of Uruguayan history. In 1825, under the leadership of Lavalleja, a band of Uruguayans conceived a plan to free their country from Brazilian rule. Secretly they crossed the River Uruguay and made a series of successful attacks on the vastly superior Brazilian forces. As a result the provisional government of an independent Provincia Oriental was formed and was joined to the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata." (199-200)
Blanes painting on the group who fought for Uruguayan independence, 1875-77
suburb of Buenos Aires
Argentine playwright, 1867-1916, known for his sainetes
Dabove short story in La muerte y su traje (1961)
Girondo poem in Calcomanías
pastry shop in Buenos Aires in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: un bar, confitería y restaurante ubicado en la intersección de las calles Lima y Brasil, frente a la Estación de Plaza Constitución (cf. “Signo” §8).
Lenormand erotic poem
Lugones fairy tale play in Lunario sentimental
Susana Bombal novel, 1960, with Borges preface
Lussich poem, 1872
Lugones poem in Romancero
Ricardo Molinari poem
Cancela, 1922.
street in Buenos Aires
Parodi: de la calle Tres Sargentos; una calle de corta extensión en el barrio de Retiro.
Work by Japanese writer Ryunosuke Akutagawa (1892-1927), sometimes called Agutagawa.
Borges story, 1944
Latini encyclopedia in eight books, c. 1260
town in Calabria in northern Spain, mentioned in poem by Baldomero Fernández Moreno
Trier, city in Germany
Fishburn and Hughes: "A city on the Rhine, founded by Augustus. More Roman ruins survive there than in any other German town. In the fourth century Trèves, now Trier, became an episcopal see." (200)
character in Borges story
British military officer, author of African Man Hunts
Anthony Berkeley, novel, 1937.
Buenos Aires newspaper published from 1853 to 1884 by the Varelas
central court building in Buenos Aires near the Teatro Colón
Trichinopoly or Tiruchirapalli, city in southern India
Fishburn and Hughes: "A district of the Indian city of Madras. Trichinopolis is known for its manufacture of cigars." (200)
French literary scholar who published on Maupassant, Montherlant and others, associated with the journal Micromegas
city in northeastern Italy on the Slovenian border
character in Dickens's Martin Chuzzlewit
Spanish novelist, 1864-1916
Tartini musical composition, popular name for the Sonata per violino in sol minore
Trinculus, character in Shakespeare's Tempest
Santísima Trinidad, the Trinity of Christian doctrine
university in Dublin
Pali religious treatises
A section of Los Vencidos by Marcelo del Mazo. The section is composed of three poems: I. Los bailarines, II. El alma del tango, III. Final del tango
Marcelo del Mazo poem
sea creatures in Greek myth
Tristram, prince of Lyonesse and lover of Iseult, of legend and literature
Gottfried von Strassburg poem in Middle High German, c. 1210, on the legend of Tristan and Isolde
Parodi: por analogía fonética, ‘Tristán’ se emplea con el significado de ‘triste’, ‘decaído’. ‘Tristán Suárez’ es el nombre de una ciudad y estación ferroviaria de la Provincia de Buenos Aires ubicada al suroeste de la Capital, sobre la línea del Ferrocarril Roca. Suárez fue un militar y ganadero de la zona que en 1885 donó los terrenos para la construcción del ferrocarril.
place in La muerte y la brújula, based on hotel in Adrogué
Fishburn and Hughes: "A name invented by Amanda Molina Vedia. In a note for an American edition of 'Death and the Compass' Borges wrote: Triste-le Roy itself is a heightened and distorted version of the roomy and pleasant "Hotel las Delicias", which still survives in so many memories.' Distinguishing features of the imagined villa Triste-le-Roy, such as its portico, its niches with half-dressed nymphs and its patio with white diamond-shaped tiles, can be seen in an engraving of the hotel by Borges's sister Norah." (200)
Apollinaire poem
Vilaseco poem, 1909
branch of lake near Bariloche
Edwin Arlington Robinson dramatic narrative in blank verse, 1927
Sterne novel, 1760-1767
Swinburne poem
Gerardo Diego poem
Excerpt from Trivia (1902) by Logan Pearsall Smith.
street in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "An avenue in Buenos Aires, in the vicinity of Chacarita and Federico Lacroze. See Thames." (200)
Logan Pearsall Smith, 1902.
in Asia Minor
Priam's daughter, according to the Snorri Sturluson
Borges poem in Fervor de Buenos Aires
Troilus, Trojan prince in poems by Homer, Chaucer and Shakespeare
Chaucer poem and later Shakespeare play, c.1602
André Suarès study of Baudelaire, Cervantes and Tolstoy
Dumas novel, 1844
Laura Riding, 1937
Christopher Morley, 1937
English novelist, 1815-82, author of The Warden, Barchester Towers and other works
Parodi: el novelista inglés Anthony Trollope (1815-1882), autor de Crónicas de Barsetshire (1855-1867), Novelas de Palliser (1864-1879), cuentos, libros de viajes, relatos cortos, crítica literaria, biografías, autobiografía, en total más de setenta títulos.
in Scandinavian folklore, dwarfish or gigantic creature of caves and hills
character in Suárez Lynch novella
Parodi: “ese Trompifay”: ‘trompifay’ término posiblemente creado por cruce entre ‘trompear’ (en la acepción de ‘dar trompadas’), y el término usual y frecuente ‘cusifai’, despectivo de ‘coso’ (persona innominada, un fulano, un sujeto, un tipo), del italiano coso, que designa un objeto cualquiera (cf. infra v §2). ‘Cusifai’ deriva de la expresión italiana cosa fai? −¿qué haces?− que, convertida en un sustantivo (un cusifai, ese cusifai), reemplaza el nombre de una persona u objeto (cf. Conde). Por otra parte, en algunos países sudamericanos se conocía por el nombre de Trompifay a un personaje de once películas de Charles Chaplin (1889-1977) filmadas en 1916 y 1917, el matón ‘Trompifai’ (The Bully), personificado por el actor Eric Campbell (1879-1917), el siniestro villano perseguidor al que el esmirriado Carlitos trata de esquivar. Bioy, en Descanso 280: “Idiomáticas. Cusifai. El coso, el tipo. Persona, despectivamente. Úsase en los dos géneros: el o la cusifai. Peyrou [el escritor Manuel Peyrou], solía usar la palabra.”
street in Buenos Aires
Henry Miller novel, 1934
Henry Miller novel, 1939
Priam's son according to Snorri Sturluson
Lubitsch film, 1932, here called Un ladrón en la alcoba
Hilario Ascasubi's Book
Rossetti
Troy or Ilion, ancient city in Turkey
Fishburn and Hughes: "The city in north-west Asia Minor besieged by the Greeks in the Iliad. Its exact location, and even its existence, have long been debated. Recent archaeological evidence, however, has established the site. The allusion to 'those lost Troys' reflects the Spanish figurative meaning of the saying aquí fue Troya indicating either something good which has disappeared or the confusion and disorder following some particular event." (200)
Lugones poem in Lunario sentimental
Borges poem in Fervor de Buenos Aires
La trompeta es mía, C. S. Lewis, 1938
Duff book, 1936
great-grandfather of Yu Tsun, character in Borges story
area marking one of the frontiers of Uqbar
Cao Xueqin, eighteenth century Chinese writer, author of the Hung Lou Meng (Dream of the Red Chamber or Sueño del aposento rojo)
painter of tigers in poem by David Jerusalem
David Jerusalem poem
Hebrew name for a poisonous reptile, rendered by the Vulgate as basilisk
Chinese emperor, see Shih Huang Ti
Fishburn and Hughes: "A Chinese port on the Yellow Sea." (201)
Tsudzumi Tsunejoshi or Tsuzumi Tsuneyoshi, 1887-1981, Japanese art historian
Carriego poem in Las misas herejes
Thucydides, Greek historian, c. 460-400, author of important history of the Peloponnesian war
Parodi: Tucídides (¿c.460 a.C.-c.396? a.C.) historiador y militar ateniense, autor de Historia de la Guerra del Peloponeso, librada en el siglo V a.C. entre Esparta y Atenas. Es celebrado como el padre de la historiografía científica.
Argentine city, capital of the province of Tucuman
street in Buenos Aires
Parodi: “Leandro Alem y Tucumán”: una esquina de ‘El Bajo’, nombre que designa a la zona de la ciudad de Buenos Aires que se extiende a lo largo de la costa del Río de la Plata. Cercano al puerto, El Bajo fue tradicionalmente un lugar de bares y prostíbulos, muy concurrido por marineros. En esa esquina funciona el Dragón que se aturde, un salón administrado por Madame Hsin.
gardens in Paris
Tyr, Germanic god
mentioned in runic inscription
Toloy or Tuluy, son of Genghis Khan, d. 1233
Fishburn and Hughes: "More correctly, Toluy or Tuluy: the fourth and youngest son of Genghis Khan, who succeeded him as ruler of Mongolia; the other regions of the Mongol Empire were divided among others of his sons." (201)
Cummings book of poems, 1923
town in Kent, England
Tundalus, legendary Irish knight and visionary, d. 1149, subject of Visio Tundali
Morris poem
Tunis, capital of Tunisia
divine hunter of Siberian myth
character from Walpole's The Killer and the Slain
José Gabriel Condorcanqui, Peruvian Indian leader, 1738-1781
Parodi: “En esos trances en que usted se olvida hasta de Tupac Amarú”: la grafía usual del nombre indígena de José Gabriel Condorcanqui (1738-1781), el líder de la gran rebelión indígena andina de 1780, es Túpac Amaru. En el texto, la ubicación de la tilde es errónea, aunque esa fonética era usual en la época.
hill over the Tarariras River in Cerro Largo, Uruguay, where a battle took place in 1904 between the forces of Saravia and Galarza
Fishburn and Hughes: "A battle which took place in 1904 in northern Uruguay between the rebel forces of Aparicio Saravia and the national army." (201)
city in southern Bolivia near the Argentine city of La Quiaca
volcano south of Mendoza
knife-fighter
suburb in southern Buenos Aires near Adrogué
Fishburn and Hughes: "A rough district in Lomas de Zamora, in Buenos Aires Province." (201)
Parodi: localidad del Gran Buenos Aires situada a unos 20 km al sur de la Capital. Es estación del ferrocarril Roca.
Fishburn and Hughes: "A riding club in the main park of Buenos Aires (Palermo)." (201)
Russian novelist, 1818-1883, author of Fathers and Sons and other works
French economist, comptroller general of finances, 1727-1781
Thuringia, region of central Germany
James novella, 1898
misprint for Turn of the Screw
English painter, 1775-1851
Fishburn and Hughes: "A famous English landscape painter. Turner's distinctive use of light produces a sense of perspective and limitless space which gives an almost abstract impression." (201)
US film actress, 1921-1995
Australian-born English poet and critic, 1889-1946
Turkestan in Central Asia
Turkey, often used with regard to the former Ottoman Empire
Cicero's Tusculanae Disputationes, on the fear of death, pain, distress and other matters, 45 B.C.
pseud. of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, US writer, 1835-1910, author of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Roughing It, Life on the Mississippi, The Innocents Abroad and many other works
river that forms the border between southern Scotland and northern England
Wright text and photo history of African-Americans, 1941
H. G. Wells, 1903.
Graham Greene, short stories, 1954.
Hawthorne collection of short stories, 1837
D. H. Lawrence travel book, 1916
character in Borges story
main character in Dickens novel
Wilkie Collins, 1876.
Brock mystery, 1926
Parodi: novela publicada en 1926 por el escritor irlandés Alister McAllister (1877−1943), uno de cuyos varios pseudónimos fue “Lynn Brock”. Es autor de una serie de novelas policiales que tuvieron por protagonista al detective Coronel Gore.
Morris poem
Manuel Komroff novel, 1931
ancient site in Asia Minor, now Kiz Hissar in Turkey
ship mentioned in Macbeth
Blake poem in Songs of Experience
British scholar, 1826-1902, author of Dark Lady of the Sonnets, with preface by Shaw
Melville novel on the South Pacific, 1846
Tuiston, Germanic god
Stuart Chase, 1938
book about Juan Vicente Gómez signed by Thomas Rourke, 1936
May Sinclair 1897 novel, also known as Mr and Mrs Nevill Tyson
Scottish advocate, judge, writer and historian (1747-1813).
Romanian poet and essayist, Dadaist, 1896-1963
Byzantine grammarian and polymath, 12th century A.D., author of Chiliades, letters, commentaries on Homer and numerous other works
Maya priest, character in Borges story
Fishburn and Hughes: "A Quiché Maya leader mentioned in Bernal Díaz's Historic, verdadera de la conquista de Nueva España (1632). According to Díaz, a chief by the name of Zinacán (the spelling Tz' adopted by Borges could be part of the Quiché graphic system) lived in Guatemala la Vieja together with another chief, Sacachul. Their houses were rich and beautiful, as became caciques (leaders), whose authority extended over the whole province." (201-02)