Sá de Miranda, Francisco de
Portuguese poet, 1481?-1558
Portuguese poet, 1481?-1558
Portuguese writer, 1890-1916
Buenos Aires street and neighborhood
Fishburn and Hughes: "Probably a descendant of Cornelio de Saavedra, president of the historic Junta which deposed the Spanish Viceroy on 25 May 1810, declared the emancipation of the River Plate Province and established itself as the first criollo government in Argentina. Employment in the Ministry of Finance is considered prestigious and consistent with the status of a member of an old and well-established family." (171)
Parodi: barrio de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, ubicado en el extremo norte.
Spanish political writer and diplomat, 1584-1648, author of Idea de un príncipe político christiano, Corona gótica, castellana y austríaca, Locuras de Europa and other works
Queen of Sheba in the Old Testament
Uruguayan poet, 1887-1982
Argentine novelist and essayist, 1911-2011, author of El túnel, Sobre héroes y tumbas, Tres aproximaciones a la literatura de nuestro tiempo and other works
Fishburn and Hughes: "An Argentine scientist and writer, author of novels, such as The Tunnel (1948) and On Heroes and Tombs (1961), and of critical work such as Uno y el universo (1945) and Heterodoxia (1953). Sábato focuses on the condition of modern man, whose alienation often leads to despair. The psychological and philosophical concerns of his writings do not, however, detract from the depth of characterisation in his fiction. Sábato has always shown respect for Borges and interest in his work. When, at the annual literary competition of 1942, Borges failed to receive the first prize for his collection The Garden of Forking Paths Sábato was one of the twenty-one writers who protested and contributed to 'Reparation to Borges'. In 1968 he published Tres aproximaciones a la literatura de nuestro tiempo (Three Approximations to the Literature of Our Time) in which he wrote on three leading literary figures: Robbe-Grillet, Borges and Sartre." (172)
Uruguayan composer and musician, 1877-41, author of the tango "La Morocha," sometimes mistakenly called José Saborido
Hitchcock film, 1937
Parodi: El sabueso de los Baskerville de César Paladión fue publicado en el período 1911−1919.
Italian-born US anarchist, 1891-1927, executed in Massachusetts after famous trial
German poet, shoemaker and guild master, leading Meistersinger of Nuremberg, 1494-1576
character in Borges story
English writer known as Vita, 1892-1962, author of The Land, The Edwardians and other works, wife of Harold Nicolson and lover of Virginia Woolf
vast collection edited by Max Müller, published by Oxford in the late 19th century
James novel, 1901
Wheeler, 1952
French priest of Port-Royal, theologian and humanist (1613-1684), best known for his translation of the Bible, the most wide-spread French Bible in the 18th century (Bible de Port-Royal)
Egyptian political figure, 1918-81
Donatien Alphonse François, 1740-1814, French writer
British novelist, 1888-1957
Saemund "the Wise," Icelandic historian formerly thought to be the author of the Elder Edda, 1056-1131
author of preface to Bernabé Pérez Ortiz's Haciendo patria
Argentine writer, 1888-1976
Argentine politician and president, 1851-1914
prominent family in 19th century Buenos Aires
Argentine Historian.
Argetinian writer and historian (1892-1970). Author of Equitación gaucha en la pampa y en la Mesopotamia
Sappho, Greek lyric poet, fl. early 6th century B.C.
Parodi: “un fragmento de Safo o una sentencia inagotable de Heráclito”: Safo de Lesbos (c. 650/610 a.C.-580 a.C.) fue una poetisa griega; de su obra sólo se conservan textos fragmentarios, al igual que de la obra del filósofo griego Heráclito de Éfeso (c.535 a.C.-484 a.C.).
Morris and Magnusson collection, 1892
Burns biography, 1925
Icelandic prose narratives
Momigliano, 1952
Sagittarius, centaur with bow and arrow, constellation in zodiac
Gómez de la Serna miscellany, 1918 and 1924
Holy Family, St. Joseph, Virgin Mary and Jesus
Franciscan missionary to Mexico, 1499-1590
desert in northern Africa
Kipling story about the Boer War
Yeats poems in The Tower, 1928
David Garnett, 1925
town in Minnesota, now part of the city of St. Paul
Commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department in Brittany in northwestern France.
Phillpotts, play, 1919.
church and surrounding neighborhood in Paris
town in Cornwall
Shaw play on Joan of Arc, 1924
St. Louis, city in Missouri
famous jazz song by W. C. Handy first recorded in 1917
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: “Jean Pees y Carlos o Carlota Saint Pe”: Bustos transcribe este dato, aunque admite que los nombres pueden estar “trabucados” o ser apócrifos. El primer nombre ya fue mencionado en Modelo v §59; coincide con el de un personaje real conocido de Bioy. Los dos apellidos mencionados son vascos, de la región francesa de los Pirineos atlánticos; en esta región abundan las localidades cuyo nombre comienza por Saint-Pé, Saint-Pe o Saint-Peé, formas que también se encuentran como apellidos familiares.
hill in Geneva
Max Jacob book, 1911
pseudonym of Paul-Pierre Roux, French symbolist poet, 1861-1940
Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, 1675-1755, French diplomat and memoirist
Fishburn and Hughes: "A French soldier, diplomat and writer, the author of posthumously published memoirs of the reign of Louis XV and Louis XIV. Saint-Simon's flair for character-drawing, love of gossip, combination of prejudice and superstition and talent for catching the atmosphere of the historical moment make him unique among French diarists. These qualities, however, are not matched by style and grammar, which hardly make him a suitable candidate for an 'examination of the essential metric laws of French prose'." (172)
French literary historian and critic, 1804-69, author of Portraits littéraires, Volupté and numerous other works
English critic and historian, 1845-1933, author of a Short History of English Literature, a History of Criticism and numerous other works
Rimbaud work, mixture of poetry and prose, 1873
Alain, 1937
Saxony, region of Germany
Hector Hugh Munro, also frequently known as H. H. Munro. British writer (1870-1916).
Gautama Buddha's family
Silvina Ocampo, play.
Chesterton story in The Wisdom of Father Brown
Saladin or Salah ad-Din, Muslim warrior and Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, 1137?-1193
river in province of Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "A river in the province of Buenos Aires subject to frequent flooding." (172)
university city in Spain
Parodi: “esas Salamancas”: alusión a la Universidad de Salamanca, la más antigua de España y una de las más antiguas de Europa.
fabulous animal, a little dragon that can live in fire
Battle of Salamis, 480 BC
Flaubert novel about ancient Carthage, 1862
Fishburn and Hughes: "A novel by Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880), published in 1862, which reconstructs the life and culture of Carthage at the time of the Punic wars. Rich in action and 'local colour', it probably originated during Flaubert's visit to Tunis in 1850. It is the story of the love of Hamilcar's daughter, the priestess Salammbô, for Mathô, a leader of the rebel mercenaries. After Mathô's defeat and execution, Salammbô dies of grief. The allusion to Salammbô should be considered in the light of Borges's comment that, no matter how rich Carthaginian literature may have been, it could never have included a novel like Flaubert's, for 'every writing belongs to its own time' (second prologue to Luna de enfrente, O.P.). Pierre Menard's rewriting of Quixote as a 'document' of Nîmes in the twentieth century reflects that view by way of parody." (172)
Argentine man of letters, 1890-1975, translator of Joyce's Ulysses
Argentine essayist, 1873-1940, author of Tierra argentina and El Poema de la pampa
Argentine historian and politician, 1850-1914, author of Historia de la Confederación Argentina
English Orientalist, c.1697-1736, author of an English translation of the Koran
town in Massachusetts, home of Hawthorne
city and province of Campania, Italy
Italian writer, 1863-1911, author of various travel books and novels of adventure
Spanish physician and criminologist, 1854-1923
city in California
blind musician to whom Fray Luis de León dedicated an ode
character in Bustos Domecq stories
Parodi: un personaje al que se valora por su semejanza con los “vigorosos mestizos”, los compadres orilleros. Es ‘pardo’ −mestizo probablemente de blanco y negra− y posible integrante del grupo de Jugo de Carne. Mantiene una larga relación con Savastano comenzada cuando ambos eran jóvenes pensionistas en el Nuevo Imparcial y frecuentaban el Mercado de Abasto, amistad que se retoma en los Nuevos cuentos (“Salvación”). En otra de las obras en colaboración, El paraíso de los creyentes, reaparece Salivazo como parte del grupo de ruidosos compadres “un poco anacrónicos” que están reunidos en una confitería (cf. OCC 259).
the lines quoted here are: "Mountains, and all hills; fruitful trees, and all cedars: Beasts, and all cattle; creeping things, and flying fowl"
Lugones poem in El libro de los paisajes
Lugones poem in Las montañas de oro
Biblical psalms, sometimes spelled Psalmos by Borges
character in Bullrich novel
Wilde play, written in French, 1893
Solomon, Biblical king of ancient Hebrews, d. c. 932 BC
bishop of Constance, to whom Otfried dedicated his De universo
a night spot in Buenos Aires much frequented by Gervasio Montenegro
city in Macedonia, in northern Greece, now Thessaloniki
Fishburn and Hughes: "A Greek port north west of Athens, once Macedonia's natural outlet to the sea. The Spanish spoken in Salonika was probably Ladino (a mixture of old Spanish and some Hebrew). Salonika's Jewish colony was greatly augmented in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries by an influx of Sephardic Jews from Spain." (172-73)
capital of Utah
city and province in northern Argentina
street in Buenos Aires
city and department in Uruguay, sometimes called Salto Oriental
Fishburn and Hughes: "A town on the Uruguayan side of the River Uruguay which Borges used to visit in his youth. There is also a department of the same name. See Amorim." (173)
waterfall that is part of Iguazú Falls
Unamuno sonnet
Poem by Hilario Ascasubi.
Whitman poem, 1856
Bloy, 1892
Lugones poem in Poemas solariegos
Darío poem in Cantos de vida y esperanza
Argentine unitario persecuted by Rosas, mentioned in Mármol's Amalia and the subject of a Borges story
Uruguayan judge involved in the trial of Avelino Arredondo
article that appeared in the Revista Martín Fierro in 1925
Salzburg, city in Austria
German scholar of alchemy and hermetic science, 1669-1728, editor of eight volume edition of Raimon Llull
French poet, 1858-1900, author of Au jardin de l'infante and other works
Spanish fabulist, 1745-1801
Parodi: “Ni la sesuda plana de Samaniego sería poderosa para pintar mi alborozo”: Félix María de Samaniego (1745-1801), escritor español célebre por sus Fábulas en verso castellano para el uso del Real Seminario Bascongado (1781-1784). Podría aludirse aquí a otra obra de Samaniego, El jardín de Venus, una colección de cuentos en verso, cómicos y obscenos, que circuló en forma clandestina hasta su tardía publicación en 1921.
Samarkand, city in Uzbekistan (Samarkanda)
Fishburn and Hughes: "A city in the USSR, the oldest city of Central Asia, whose origin can be dated between 4,000 and 3,000 BC. Occupied by the Arabs and the Persians, Samarkand reached its height in the fifteenth century, as capital of the empire of the Islamic Mongol ruler Tamerlane. Playing chess in Samarkand is plausible: the game, known among both the Arabs and the Persians, was introduced into Islam from Persia and was given patronage at the court of Tamerlane." (173)
ancient city of Palestine
Argentine feminist, born in Chile, 1901-1981
coastal resort on a bay at the mouth of the River Plate in the province of Buenos Aires
Samarang, city in Java, Indonesia
Parodi: posiblemente por ‘Semarang’, una ciudad de Indonesia, situada en el norte de la isla de Java.
Jacobo Samet (1898-1981) was an independent book publisher. His bookshop, which also functioned as a publishing company, was known as “La cripta de Samet” (“Samet´s crypt”). It was placed in a very small alleyway at 1242 Avenida de Mayo. (Mentioned in Bustos Domecq story.)
Parodi: según Bustos, se trata del editor del fascículo de Ginzberg y quien propuso el título de la publicación. El Jacobo Samet real (1898-1981), nacido en Rusia y emigrado a la Argentina, transformó un pequeño negocio de cigarrería y venta de libretos de zarzuelas y operetas ubicado en la Avenida de Mayo, en una librería y editorial, lugar de reunión de los jóvenes escritores y poetas argentinos, conocido como la ‘Sagrada Cripta de Samet’. A partir de enero de 1930 publicó la revista Cartel, de la que en un año aparecieron sus once únicos números. La editorial de Samet funcionó de 1924 a 1932.
archipelago in the South Pacific
ruler of Calicut, character in Os Lusíadas
Samothrace, Greek island in the northern Aegean sea
character in Bustos Domecq story
minor character in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
author of Concise Cambridge History of English Literature
Gunnar's dog in the Njals Saga
the world of appearances in Buddhism
Milton dramatic poem, 1671
two books in Bible, sometimes called Reyes
town in province of Buenos Aires, home of Ricardo Güiraldes
site of a battle in 1872 between Ignacio Rivas and the Indians under Callfucurá
mountain resort in Argentina
beach resort in the province of Buenos Aires
neighborhood in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "A department and city in the province of Santa Fe, founded as a colony on land granted by the government to a London-based banking firm, Murrieta y Cía." (173)
suburb in northern Buenos Aires
Parodi: 1) “sofismas de Ciudadela y de San Fernando”: dos elegantes zonas residenciales, ubicadas respectivamente al oeste y al este de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, que se oponen aquí a la sureña Avellaneda, industrial y popular.
2) zona residencial del norte del Gran Buenos Aires situada a unos 30 km de la capital; en su territorio incluye una sección de islas del Delta del río Paraná; cf. “Goladkin” ii §2.
city in California
ranch in Borges story
Fishburn and Hughes: "A small town in Uruguay where the Haedo family owned a ranch. As a child Borges used to spend his summer vacations there with his family." (173)
St. Gall or St. Gallen, monastery and city in northeast Switzerland
town in the province of Santa Fe, site of battle in 1853
basilica in León, Spain
suburb northwest of Buenos Aires, in province of Buenos Aires
Parodi: San Isidro es una ciudad ubicada en la provincia de Buenos Aires, sobre la costa del Río de la Plata, a unos 30 km al norte de la ciudad de Buenos Aires.
site of battle in 1836 between the Mexican and Texan forces
town in the province of Tucumán
street in Buenos Aires
Parodi: “visité en la calle San Juan”: la mención de esta calle revela que la baronesa Puffendorf−Duvernois también está encarcelada. Sobre la calle San Juan se encontraba la entrada de la Cárcel de Mujeres del Buen Pastor, que funcionaba en el barrio de San Telmo, en un edificio construido en 1760. Siguió ubicada en ese lugar hasta 1978, en que fue trasladada a las afueras de la ciudad. Desde entonces, en el edificio funciona un museo.
Argentine province
town in the province of Buenos Aires
Franciscan church north of Rosario, known as the place where a battle for Argentine independence took place
Argentine province and its capital
street in Buenos Aires
town in Orense, Spain
friend of Borges, sometimes Delia San Marco Porcel
street and plaza in Buenos Aires
Parodi: estación ferroviaria de la ‘Ciudad del Libertador General Don José de San Martín’, conocida como San Martín, situada al centro−norte del Gran Buenos Aires, a unos 20 km de la terminal de Retiro.
church in Buenos Aires
Argentine general and statesman, liberator of Chile and Peru, 1778-1850, sometimes referred to as the Libertador or Protector del Perú
Fishburn and Hughes: "Argentina's greatest military leader, hero of the Wars of Independence and liberator of Chile and Peru.
Guayaquil: Once the Spaniards had been defeated in Argentina, San Martín foresaw that his country's independence would not be won unless the royalist forces were expelled from the sub-continent. He set off from Buenos Aires to enlist soldiers for his famous Army of the Andes, which in 1817 he led into Chile. Here, after the battles of Chacabuco and Cancha Rayada, he finally defeated the Spaniards at Maipú. He then led an expedition into Peru, where the Army of the Andes was joined by Chilean forces. On 9 July 1821, after securing several victories over royalist forces, he entered Lima — not, in his words, as a conqueror but as liberator of the Peruvian people -whereupon he was proclaimed Protector of Peru. Spanish troops remained in the Sierras, and San Martín realised that neither he nor Bolívar was sufficently powerful to defeat the Royalists on his own. Accordingly he sent troops to Bolívar in Quito and arranged a meeting, which finally took place in Guayaquil on 26 July 1822. The conference clearly indicated the clash of personalities between the two men, as Bolívar distrusted both San Martín's military ability and his monarchical leanings. Fully aware of the predicament, San Martín conceded the leadership of his troops in Peru to Bolívar, returned briefly to Argentina and then, leaving the camp to his rival, departed for Europe, where he lived in self-imposed exile in Belgium. When he tried to return to Buenos Aires in 1829, he found Argentina torn by the strife between the Federalists and the Unitarians (respectively represented by Rosas and Lavalle). He refused to take sides and returned to Europe without even landing on Argentine soil. He died in Boulogne. CF 395;the masonic lodge referred to is the Logia Lautaro, of which San Martín was a member and where he exchanged revolutionary ideas.
The Elderly Lady: San Martín remains to this day a sacred name in Argentine history, an example of bravery and abnegation. On this point Borges ironically recalls that when a Venezuelan writer once wrote that San Martín 'tenía un aire avieso' ('had a sly look'), this was solemnly denied by an Argentine writer, who claimed that to say avieso and San Martín together was nonsensical: You may as well speak of a square triangle.'" (173-74)
Octavio González Roura book, 1972
town in the province of Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires neighborhood, following old denomination of parishes
São Paulo, largest city in Brazil and capital of state of São Paulo
one of Paul's epistles
street in Buenos Aires
Parodi: “por San Pedrito o por Giribone”: dos calles de Buenos Aires; la primera corre por el barrio de Flores; la segunda, por Villa Ortúzar (cf. “Doce” i §14).
city on the Paraná river between Buenos Aires and Rosario
Russia's second-largest city after Moscow.
Fomer names: Petrogado, Leningrado.
national park in Argentina which Shirley Temple visited in the company of Hortensia Montenegro in Suárez Lynch novella
Parodi: “Parque Nacional de San Remo”: el nombe alude a un inexistente parque nacional de la ciudad de San Remo, situada en el noroeste del litoral mediterráneo italiano.
dog in Borges-Bioy filmscript, reference to a saint who is usually shown in company of a dog
church in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "A street in the district of Palermo." (174)
Xul Solar mystical work
old neighborhood in Buenos Aires, south of the Plaza de Mayo
Fishburn and Hughes: "One of the oldest districts of colonial Buenos Aires, founded by the Jesuits in the early eighteenth century. San Telmo has several fine buildings but is now considered a rough district. During the British invasions of 1806 and 1807 it was the centre of fierce resistance; its fighting spirit is illustrated in the popular song: Soy del barrio de San Telmo / donde llueve y no gotea / a mí no me asustan bultos / ni grupos que se menean ('I come from San Telmo, where it rains and does not drizzle. I am not frightened by bullies nor by gangs which move around'). This song would give an ironic twist to the last sentence of the story, 'Rosendo's Tale'." (174)
suburb in southern Buenos Aires
Parodi: una línea de ómnibus que hacía el recorrido entre Plaza Constitución y el entonces pueblo de San Vicente, ubicado a unos 50 km al sur de la Capital.
fortress in Khorasan where Al-Moqanna held out against the caliph Mahdi
Raúl E. Fitte book, 1936
Italian poet and humanist, 1458-1530, author of Arcadia, written in the 1480s and mentioned in Don Quijote
Argentine intellectual, 1786-1868, famous for her letters
Argentine literary critic, author of De hombres y libros, 1966
Spanish poet, anarchist and feminist, 1895-1970, one of the founders of Mujeres libres
Uruguayan playwright, 1875-1910
Parodi: Florencio Sánchez (1875-1910) fue un periodista y dramaturgo uruguayo. Entre sus obras dramáticas se destacan M’hijo el dotor (1903), La gringa (1904), Barranca abajo (1905).
Italian critic, 1817-1883, author of a Storia della letteratura italiana
Faulkner novel, 1931
pseud. of Amantine-Lucile-Aurore Dupin, 1804-76, French novelist and feminist
US poet and biographer, 1878-1967, author of Chicago Poems, Good Morning America and other works
French novelist, 1811-83
English actor, 1906-72
La condesa de la arena, Gustav Frenssen, 1896
Argentine actor, 1905-80, known for his work in film comedies
Bloy, 1932
river in central Illinois, tributary of the Illinois River
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: nacido en Calabria, emigró de niño a la Argentina a fines del siglo XIX; hizo fortuna en diversos negocios; recibió del gobierno italiano el título de Commendatore. Vive en la localidad de Pilar, en la Villa Castellammare, ubicada junto a La Moncha. Padre de Ricardo Sangiácomo y de Eliseo Requena.
character in Bustos Domecq story, son of the Commendatore
Excerpt from Los muertos, las muertas y otras fantasmagorías, 1935, by Ramón Gómez de la Serna.
book of the Talmud
Sanin, Artsybashev novel, 1907
Spanish grammarian and literary critic, 1880-1947
Sankara Acharya, Hindu theologian, c. 789-820
Samson, judge of Israel in Bible
Papini’s work, 1931.
Brazilian town on the Uruguayan border where José Hernández wrote part of the Martín Fierro
Fishburn and Hughes: "A town in Livramento, Brazil, near the Argentinian-Uruguayan border, a rough area characterised by fighting and smuggling, mainly of cattle. Borges visited Sant' Anna with Amorim and recalls his shock on seeing the violent shooting of a drunkard by a capanga. The incident was reflected in several of his stories: 'Tlön, ...', 'The Shape of the Sword', 'The Dead Man',' The Other Death' and obliquely in 'The South'." (174)
beach resort in the province of Buenos Aires
character in Hudson's The Purple Land
A military colonel. He was the son-in-law of Justo José Urquiza.
Argentine province
Fishburn and Hughes: "A province north west of Buenos Aires.
The Aleph: 'alfajores', a typical Argentine sweetmeat made of sugared pastry, filled with chocolate, nuts or fudge, and manufactured in Santa Fe, differ from more traditional sweets by being larger, concave and more brittle. Regarded as a regional delicacy, they are difficult to obtain in Buenos Aires." (175)
Parodi: el “Granero de la República”: nombre que se daba a la provincia de Santa Fe, donde está ubicada la ciudad de Rosario. Para Rosario, cf. “H.B.D.” §3
avenue in Buenos Aires
Capdevila book
ranch
Francisco de Sá de Miranda poem about the courtesan and saint St. Mary of Egypt
Sonnet by Luis de Tejeda dedicated to Santa Rosa de Lima.
beach resort in the province of Buenos Aires
Pemán dramatic poem, 1934
finance minister to the Reyes Católicos, d. 1498, a baptized Jew or "marrano"
US philosopher and poet, born Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás in Spain, 1863-1952, author of The Life of Reason, The Realms of Being and other works
policeman, character in Suárez Lynch novella
Parodi: “el comisario Santiago”: un personaje tristemente célebre en los años veinte y treinta, Eduardo Santiago, comisario jefe de la Sección Investigaciones de la Policía, responsable de represiones obreras y paradigma de corrupción. En 1927, año de la ejecución de Sacco y Vanzetti, la casa de Santiago fue objeto de un atentado por parte del grupo anarquista liderado por Severino Di Giovanni (cf. “Doce” i §5).
capital of Chile
city in Galicia in Spain, pilgrimage center
town in Jamaica, now St. James
Groussac study of the viceroy, 1907
oldest city in Argentine, capital of province of same name
street in Buenos Aires
town in Calabria in northern Spain, mentioned in poem by Baldomero Fernández Moreno
port city near São Paulo, Brazil
Fishburn and Hughes: "The busiest port in Brazil, in the south-eastern state of Sao Paulo." (175)
Brazilian aviator, 1873-1932
Parodi: “Para mí que se va a mandar cada mongolfiero que ni Santos Dumont”: la frase modifica la expresión popular ‘mandarse un globo’ que equivale a decir una mentira. En la frase citada, ‘globo’ es remplazado por el nombre que recibió el primer globo aerostático impulsado a aire caliente, creado por los hermanos Joseph-Michel y Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier a fines del siglo XVIII. Frogman sostiene que las mentiras (‘los globos’) son de tal magnitud que ni siquiera podría igualarlas el pionero de la aviación brasileña Alberto Santos Dumont (1873-1932), famoso por sus diseños de globos y dirigibles, muchos de ellos de gran tamaño. Para ‘mandarse’, “Toros” v §9.
gaucho-outlaw, killer of Facundo Quiroga
legendary gaucho in 19th century Argentina only outsung by the Devil, subject of works by Obligado and Ascasubi
Obligado poem
Ascasubi gauchesque poem, 1872
gaucho in Lussich's Los tres gauchos orientales
A pseudonym of Antonio D. Lussich
Italian literary critic and historian, 1901-1990, author of a Compendio di storia della letteratura italiana and of a commentary on Dante
Swedenborg treatise, 1764
character in Bustos Domecq stories
Parodi: el tratamiento de ‘doctor’ permite conjeturar que Saponaro es un abogado. Vuelve a ser mencionado más adelante (cf. vi §18) y en Modelo i §12.
Santiago Fischbein's aunt in Borges story
street in Buenos Aires
Parodi: Sarandí es una localidad del partido de Avellaneda lindante con Villa Domínico.
street in Montevideo
character in Shaw's Arms and the Man
battlefield in upstate New York during the US Revolutionary War, 1777
resort in upstate New York
Ferber novel, 1941
Uruguayan politician, born in Brazil as Aparício Saraiva, 1855-1904
Fishburn and Hughes: "A Uruguayan landowner and caudillo, uncultured and politically unsophisticated, whose magnetic personality secured him a following among the gauchos of the Interior. In 1897 he led the revolt of the Blancos, a nationalist group demanding free elections and representation of all parties in the government, against the dictatorship of Idiarte Borda. Borda was assassinated in 1897 and the armed conflict ended in a peace pact, but the nationalist faction under Saravia was left isolated and on 1 January 1904 Saravia again led his troops against the Government of Batlle in an attempt to prevent elections in which his party was not represented. After a series of battles his side was finally defeated at Masoller. Saravia was wounded and died in Brazil. After his death a legend sprang up that he would return. See Illesca, Tupambaé." (175)
Swiss sculptor, Norah Borges's art teacher in Geneva
street in Buenos Aires
Argentine writer, educator, politician and president, 1811-88, author of the Facundo, Recuerdos de provincia, Campaña del Ejercito Grande and many other works
Fishburn and Hughes: "An Argentine writer, historian and educationalist, and the country's President from 1868 to 1874. Sarmiento was born in the Andean province of San Juan and spent his early years in an atmosphere of growing caudillism - rule by local strong men on horseback - which, for him, epitomised barbarism. Sarmiento was largely self-taught. He admired European values, particularly English, and was influenced by the progressive ideas of liberal political and economic thinkers. He was a Unitarian, fighting for the unification and Europeanisation of Argentina, and as such became an indefatigable opponent of Federalism, which he considered retrograde and barbaric. His opposition to the caudillo Quiroga forced him into exile in Chile. Here he wrote his most famous book, Facundo, in which he launched an outright attack on Federalism, using a 'barbaric hero', Facundo Quiroga. The ultimate target of his attack was Rosas, to whose downfall the book contributed. Borges's admiration for Sarmiento and his ideas can be construed from his prologue to Facundo, where he says that the history of Argentina would have been different and better if, instead of 'canonising' Martín Fierro, they had 'canonised' Facundo. During his exile Sarmiento was sent by the government of Chile to Europe to study school systems. While in Paris, he paid several visits to San Martín in his retreat on the outskirts of the capital. The General confided many details of the meeting at Guayaquil. These conversations were the subject of Sarmiento's inaugural speech when he was elected a member of the Institut Historique de France on 1 July 1847 in the presence of San Martín. A copy of the speech, which shed new light on the Guayaquil controversy, was found in the archives of the Museo Histórico Sarmiento by the historian Antonio Castro, who disclosed his findings on 13 August 1947 in a lecture entitled 'Sarmiento y San Martín'. Sarmiento also wrote a series of articles under the title Escritos sobre San Martín, which includes a short biography of San Martín." (175-76)
Parodi: Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1811−1888) político, pedagogo, escritor, periodista y militar, presidente de la República entre 1868 y 1874, destacado por su acción en favor de la educación pública. Durante su gobierno se crearon en todo el país escuelas elementales y superiores e instituciones para la formación de maestros.
river in Paraná delta
place in Asia Minor mentioned in Herodotus
Sharon, plain in central Israel
US author, 1908-81, author of My Name is Aram and other works
Carlyle satirical and philosophical narrative, 1833
Faulkner novel, 1929
French philosopher, playwright and novelist, 1905-1980, author of La Nausée, Huis-clos, L'Être et le Néant and other works
province in western Canada, here spelled Saskatchawara
Argentine film director and writer, 1903-1995
author of Psico-zoología pintoresca, 1927
English poet, 1886-1967
Uruguayan writer, 1809-1887
Parodi: escritor, periodista, pintor y educador, Marcos Sastre nació en Montevideo en 1809 (m. 1887). Su obra más conocida es El Tempe argentino (1848), una descripción de la región del delta del río Paraná (cf. supra §2), su flora y su fauna. Los epigramas que menciona Bustos posiblemente son las advertencias y exhortaciones contenidas en los libros que Sastre destinó a la educación de los niños, en especial de Consejos de oro sobre la educación (dirigidos a las madres de familia y a los institutores (1859), sentencias del tipo: “No consintáis […] que una extraña os arrebate las primeras caricias de un ser que os cuesta tantos cuidados y dolores”; “sólo vosotras recibiréis el dulce nombre de madre, y ninguna otra mujer tendrá derecho para llamarlos sus hijos”, etc.
fallen angel, the adversary of man and God in Judeo-Christian tradition
name given to Satan by Bogomil Manichean believers
French composer, 1866-1925
Juvenal satirical poems
Satyricon, Petronius satirical narrative, the adventures of Encolpius and Giton, preserved only in part
Fishburn and Hughes: "An allegory in prose and poetry in nine books, the chief work of the fifth-century Carthaginian Martianus Capella, which was influential in the Middle Ages. Its full title (in English) is 'Satyricon, in which two books describe the marriage of Mercury with philology and the rest are each dedicated to one of the seven liberal arts'. The reference is to Jupiter's sphere in which 'the entire world is reflected as in a shining mirror' where one can see all the 'variety of the earth', its cities and its different living species, and all that 'each and all nations are doing'. In the mirror Jupiter marks 'those he wants to raise and those he wants to repress, those to be born and those to die'." (176)
Capella, see De Nuptiis Mercurii et Philologiae
satyrs in classical mythology, half-man, half-goat
Satornil or Saturninus of Antioch, early Christian gnostic leader
Fishburn and Hughes: "A second-century Syrian Gnostic, known also as Saturninus of Antioch, who held that the angels, archangels, powers and dominions were created by the Supreme Unknown, the Father, but that the world and everything in it, including man, was created by seven of the lowest angels. Among these was the God of the Jews, whom the Divine Father sought to destroy by sending the Saviour. Satornilus held that Christ the saviour was a man only in appearance but did not possess a physical body. He also believed that man is not a complete human being until the Father gives him the 'spark of life', which at death returns to the divine fountain of life." (176)
province of Japan
Fishburn and Hughes: "A ferry which plied between Buenos Aires and Montevideo. It had an effigy of Saturn on its prow." (176)
Macrobius philosophical dialogue
Fishburn and Hughes: "More correctly known as Saturnalia: a Latin work by the fifth-century author Macrobius. It consists of seven books. The first describes the origin and history of Roman festivals and tries to prove that all pagan theology, whether Roman, Greek, Egyptian or Assyrian, leads to the cult of the sun. Heliopolis is mentioned in this context. Books 2 and 3 comment on various Roman writers, especially Virgil. The remaining four books deal with assorted topics, from table conversation and the digestibility of foods to vertigo, whitening of the hair, blushing and the voice of eunuchs." (176)
Saturn, in Roman religion, the god of harvests, later identified with the Greek god Cronos
the planet Saturn
Argentinian Illustrator and writer (1891-1955). Author of Vocabulario y refranero criollo.
town in France, site of battle in 881
town in Minnesota
San Pablo or St. Paul, apostle to the gentiles
character in Bustos Domecq story
Anglo-French scholar, 1890-1957
character in Bustos Domecq and Suárez Lynch stories
Parodi: 1) señalado aquí como prototipo de los ‘compadritos’ (cf. “Limardo” i §1) que, con la inmigración y la modernización de la ciudad, fueron desplazando al compadre, el originario habitante de las orillas. Tulio Savastano es el narrador y personaje principal de “Limardo”. Su lugar de trabajo parece ser el Mercado de Abasto (cf. “Doce” i §29), aunque pasa largos períodos escondido en el Hotel El Nuevo Imparcial tratando de eludir todo encuentro con otro compadrito, Jugo de Carne. Savastano es un individuo servil, temeroso, amigo de difundir chismes. Por Bustos sabemos que, cuando eran jóvenes, él y Savastano fueron “compinches” (“Esse” §1) y en una ocasión lo identifica como “colega” (“Salvación” §1); en una de las Crónicas, “Los inmortales”, Savastano es uno de los pacientes del doctor Narbondo y en “Esse”, presidente de un club de fútbol; hacia mediados de los años cuarenta, se desempeña como secretario del Subsecretario de Cultura y es candidato a embajador (cf. “Salvación”).
2) protagonista y narrador de “Limardo” (cf. “Palabra” §11). En este nuevo cuento, ha pasado a llevarle los libros al Baulito y a ser “colega” de Bustos Domecq.
Bustos Domecq character, Argentine literary critic, author of a 1971 Harvard dissertation on Clodomiro Ruiz, evidently the son of Tulio Savastano
Story from Chinese Ghouls and Goblins by G. Willoughby-Meade.
Praetorius culinary treatise, 1891
German jurist and legal historian, 1779-1861
Parodi: el apellido de este abogado coincide con el del jurista y catedrático alemán Friedrich Karl von Savigny (1779-1861), uno de los iniciadores de la jurisprudencia moderna y fundador de la Escuela Histórica del Derecho.
Romanized version of the name of George Bernard Shaw
Fishburn and Hughes: "As is made clear in the English translation of Borges's story, the term refers to Xavier de Maistre (1763-1852), born in Savoy and author of Voyage autour de ma chambre (1795), which he wrote at the age of 27 while confined to his bed through injuries sustained in a duel. The Voyage is a light work in which each object perceived by the author in his bedroom prompts humorous reminiscences and small confidences." (177)
Saxo Grammaticus, Danish historian, c.1150- c.1220, author of the Gesta Danorum or Historia Danica
line from Tennyson's Welcome to Alexandra, 1863, slightly misquoted here
English writer, 1893-1957, author of numerous detective stories and polemical writings, translator of Dante, editor of anthologies of detective stories, etc.
Fishburn and Hughes: "An English author, remembered chiefly for her detective novels featuring the character Lord Peter Wimsey. She regarded the detective story as a useful exercise of pure analysis which demanded no commitment to its subject matter. She is also known for her translation of Dante's Divine Comedy." (177)
Spanish priest and scholar, 1834-1910, author of a Diccionario de refranes, Ambigú literario and many other works
Argentine intellectual, 1898-1959, associated with the FORJA group and author of El hombre que está solo y espera
pharmacy in downtown Buenos Aires
Parodi: “la farmacia Scannapieco”: una farmacia de Buenos Aires que estuvo ubicada en la esquina de Esmeralda y Tucumán.
Van Dine novel, 1929
Hawks film, 1932
film gangster based on Al Capone
Sternberg film, 1934
Hawthorne novel, 1850
Santayana, 1923
character in Bustos Domecq story, sometimes Sevola
Parodi: en “Penumbra y Pompa” aparece un Lucio Scevola, a quien Bustos califica de “ese compañero de todo momento” (cf. §5), un homónimo, con el apellido escrito según la ortografía italiana.
Kafka story, 1917
gangster, character in Borges story
Fishburn and Hughes: "The master-criminal in 'Death and the Compass'; in German the name means both 'scarlet' and 'scarlet fever'." (177)
Journal to which Feuchtwanger contributed
German philosopher, 1775-1854, author of Philosophie der Kunst, System des transzendentalen Idealismus, Ideen zur Philosophie der Natur and other works
German translator of Strindberg, here the supposed German translator of Runeberg's Den hemlige Frälsaren
Fishburn and Hughes: "From the Italian, meaning 'joke': the third movement of a symphony, quartet or sonata in which one or more of the motifs reappears in a lighter tone and at a faster tempo." (177)
Argentine artist and intellectual, 1858-1935, founder of the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes
Argentine pianist and musicologist
Italian astronomer, discoverer of the so-called canals on Mars, 1835-1910
librarian who worked with Borges in library in Almagro Sur
German dramatist, poet and historian, 1759-1805, author of Wallenstein, Über das Pathetische, Über naive und sentimentalische Dichtung and numerous other works
character in The Last Command
Nazi youth leader, 1907-74
Batalla de la Marne, poem by Wilhelm Klemm, 1914
German writer, 1862-1941
German philosopher, critic and writer, 1772-1829, author of numerous plays, the novel Lucinde, and critical works on classical and Indian literatures and on Goethe
character in Bustos Domecq story
region of West Germany on Danish border
German priest, 1831-1912, inventor of the artificial language Volapük, author of numerous grammars and other works about the language
German businessman and archeologist, 1822-1890
Kafka unfinished novel, published posthumously in 1926
French writer, 1877-1968
Sudermann play, 1895
German soldier, c. 1510-c. 1579, who spent many years in the River Plate in the employ of a German bank, author of a detailed diary of the conquest of the River Plate region from 1534 to 1554
German poet and writer, 1862-1926, author of Nietzsche der falsche Prophet, 1914, often called just Otto Ernst
German scholar of Buddhism
He was a chemist, and conducted experiments with Embden and Baldes on Lactic Acid.
German-Jewish scholar, 1897-1982, author of Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism and other works
character in Conrad's Victory, hotelkeeper in Sourabaya
Argentine journalist born in Berlin, 1932-1989
Ludwig Goldscheider, 1934
Walter Pater study, 1877, added to the third edition of Studies of the Renaissance, 1888
Escuela de la Noche, underground school that taught atheism and the infinity of space associated with Sir Walter Raleigh, mentioned in the late sixteenth century
medieval scholastics
German philosopher, 1788-1860, author of Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung and Parerga und Paralipomena
Fishburn and Hughes: "A German philosopher of the post-Kantian school, whose best-known books are The World as Will and Idea (1818; 2nd edn. 1844) and two volumes of essays entitled Parerga und Paralipomena (1851). Schopenhauer is the philosopher most quoted by Borges (about fifty times) in his stories and criticism. Solitary and retiring, Schopenhauer was relatively unnoticed until the publication of his essays, which brought him worldwide recognition. His philosophy is based on the principle that all that exists is a manifestation of the Will and is comprehensible only through the constructs of man's intellect engendered by the Will itself, such as time, space and causality. The Garden of Forking Paths, CF 127 : the reference to Schopenhauer's belief in a uniform absolute time follows: time, being like the rest of experience a representation of the Will, is not subject to variations connected with individual and particular states. Schopenhauer insists that through the constructs of our mind only the appearances of the world are revealed to us, and not its reality. Guayaquil, CF 393: with reference to Schopenauer's 'disbelief of history', it follows that history, resting on the category of time, belongs also to the world of phenomena. On this point Borges adds that, since for Schopenhauer 'the universe is a projection of our soul', 'universal history lies within each man' (Other Inq. 58). Outside the world of phenomena, only the reality of the self is knowable to man, as being part of the primary essence of all things, the Will. The Shape of the Sword, CF 141: this last point, however, eliminates the concept of individuality, as suggested in 'I am all other men': all individuals are but a form or manifestation of the Will which moves and organises everything from the blind impulses of inorganic nature to the 'rationally' guided actions of man. Deutsches Requiem, CF 230; Guayaquil, CF 395: yet, because man is the Will's prime manifestation, it can be said paradoxically that no human action is involuntary (since it is also a manifestation of the Will). Man can escape from the control of the Will, partially through the uplifting effect of the arts and, totally, by complete abnegation of the self through asceticism. For Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius, CF 76 and Deutsches Requiem, CF 231see Parerga und Paralipomena. For A Survey of the Works of Herbert Quain, CF 109, see Kantian categories." (177-78)