C. W. W.
author of Relativity and Robinson, 1938
author of Relativity and Robinson, 1938
character in Wells's The Shape of Things to Come
Kabbalah, Jewish mystic interpretations of the Scriptures, comprising the Sefer Yetsirah and the Zohar
Fishburn and Hughes: "From the Hebrew Kabbal, meaning 'to receive': 'the received', or traditional, lore. This general term is applied in Judaeo-Christianity to a body of religious knowledge and experience which seeks to provide a means of approaching God directly, and revealing the hidden inner mysteries of the Old Testament, particularly the five books of Moses. In the words of Gershom Scholem, Cabbala is not one system but is a vast variety of attempts to view, or give symbolic structure to, rabbinical Judaism.
The Cabbala is largely concerned with postulating cosmological systems: that is to say, with speculative theories of the creation, maintenance and destiny of the world and the interrelation of its components. It includes a description of the role of man and other living creatures, the behaviour of the heavenly hosts and the interaction of these with the Godhead. As a method of mystical and poetical exposition of the Scriptures, the Cabbala adopts an immanent approach to the Universe, believing in the hidden existence of godliness behind and within every material object. Thus in Cabbalistic thought the visible world is likened to a veil or curtain which esoteric interpretations are able to lift, revealing a more direct vision of the true mysteries of God and his creation. Since, according to the Jewish account of creation, language preceded the act of creation ('And God said, "Let there be light"; and there was light'), there followed a belief in the magical properties of Hebrew, the language employed by God. In Hebrew each of the 22 letters has its equivalent numerical value, and an important Cabbalistic method of exegesis is Gematria, or the interpretation of the Scriptures based upon numerical calculations and combinations of the Hebrew letters. This method did not exclude belief in the magic and creative properties of the Hebrew letters which, if deciphered, might reveal not only the ineffable presence of God, but also his mysterious power of creation. A guide to the different Cabbalistic theories can be found in the Zohar, the holy book of Cabbalism. Borges was attracted to any idea which postulated the unreality of the visible world; what fascinated him particularly about the Cabbala was the idea of a systematic combinatorial method of mystical revelation. See Pentateuch." (36-37)
Wilder novel, 1925
poem by Álvaro Melián Lanifur
street and neighborhood in Buenos Aires
Parodi: "un barrio de Buenos Aires ubicado en el centro geográfico de la ciudad. En sus comienzos, Caballito quedaba alejado del centro y a lo largo de la avenida Rivadavia se alineaban lujosas quintas que eran un lugar de descanso para porteños adinerados" (306).
Chinese monster which looks like a black-headed flying dog
horse which lives in the sea, mentioned in the Arabian Nights and other sources
Zorrilla, 1842.
Ipuche poem
book of watercolors of horses by Juan Carlos Castagnino, with preface by Borges, 1971
Lugones story in Las fuerzas extrañas
street in Buenos Aires
Lugones poem in Romances del Río Seco
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: "“la razón social A. Cabezas”: “A. Cabezas” era una tienda de ropa para hombres, mujeres y niños, ubicada en la calle Perú entre Florida y San Martín, conocida popularmente como “lo de Cabezas” (cf. Borges 1313). El nombre de la tienda se emplea aquí como variante para el sustantivo cabeza (cf. “Toros” iv §7)" (392).
18th century Spanish building on the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires
Gabinete negro, Max Jacob, 1922
point in Mar del Plata near Playa Chica
Cape Horn
Cape of Good Hope, southernmost point of Africa
Portuguese navigator, c. 1460-c. 1518, who discovered Brazil in 1500
Parodi: "“queso de Cabrales, de Burriana, de pata de mulo”: tres quesos regionales españoles que se elaboran con leche de cabra y de oveja en Asturias, en Valencia y en Castilla-León" (229).
street in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "A street in the centre of Buenos Aires, near Palermo, in what used to be a rough neighbourhood." (37)
ancestors of Borges, a family of early Spanish settlers in South America
priest who accompanied Mendoza at the time of the first foundation of Buenos Aires
Spanish explorer, 1528-1574, founder of Córdoba, Argentina
Cayol and de Bassi sainete with tangos, 1910
Miguel Torga short story
character in Dante's Paradiso
narrator and character in Güiraldes's Don Segundo Sombra
here a cat, but also the nickname of a tango musician
Parodi: "“Mi viejo gato Cachafaz”: en lengua popular, el sobrenombre ‘Cachafaz’, aplicado también a personas, significa ‘descarado’, ‘atrevido’, ‘desfachatado’. Según Conde, el término proviene del italiano jergal cacciafanni: divertido, atrevido" (342).
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: "“Lungo Cachaza -el Tigre de la Curia”: el mote de ‘lungo’ (del italiano lungo: largo) indica que se trata de un individuo de elevada estatura que en este caso es además de movimientos o acciones lentas (en lengua coloquial, ‘cachaza’ tiene el significado de ‘lento’). Para ‘tigre’, cf. “Doce” i §29" (141).
hot springs in the province of Mendoza
Parodi:" “Le juro por las termas de Cacheuta”: fórmula ‘vernácula’ de juramento (cf. “Limardo” i §16). Cacheuta es una localidad de la provincia de Mendoza, que dispone de una célebre fuente de aguas termales" (204).
A Bergantin used as a Prison.
play
Spanish writer, 1741-1782
Portuguese literary periodical, founded in 1940 by Tomás Kim
Argentine poet and tango songwriter (1900-1999)
port city in southern Spain
early English poet, fl. 670, known for being inspired by his dreams
one of Fernando Pessoa's heteronyms
city in Normandy, France
village in Wales associated with Arthurian legend
Shaw play, 1901
cafe in Madrid
old cafe in Montevideo, at Rambla 25 de agosto and Colón
cafe in downtown Geneva, here apparently the title of a text by Maurice Abramowicz
cafe in Paris, on the Rue de l'Ancienne Comédie
Parodi: "uno de los más célebres y antiguos café-restaurantes de París, cercano a Saint-Germain-des-Prés y a la Comédie Française. Fue fundado en 1686 por el siciliano Francesco Procopio Dei Coltelli. Desde su creación fue un lugar de encuentro de escritores e intelectuales, entre los que se contaron Voltaire y Diderot" (282).
old cafe and restaurant near the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires
Parodi: "antiguo café ubicado en el barrio de Monserrat, sobre la Avenida de Mayo, probablemente el más antiguo de los aún existentes en la ciudad. Inaugurado en 1858, desde 1880 ocupa el local de la Avenida de Mayo 825. A lo largo de los años fue lugar de tertulias y peñas, y de encuentro de figuras del arte y la cultura nacional e internacional, entre las que se contaba Borges. Actualmente es una atracción turística" (312).
site of battle in Uruguay in 1839 between the Uruguayan forces of Rivera and the army of Juan Manuel de Rosas
Fishburn and Hughes: "A battle in 1839 between the Uruguayans, led by Fructuoso Rivera, and the invading Federalist forces of Juan Manuel Rosas under the command of Urquiza. Urquiza was defeated and his forces were temporarily pushed back into Entre Ríos." (37)
pseud. of Giuseppe Balsamo, Italian alchemist, adventurer, physician and impostor, 1743-95
Gide
Swiss-born Argentine writer, 1902-1975
city in south central France
Argentine literary critic, b. 1910, author of studies of Benito Lynch, gauchesque poetry, Bécquer and other topics, and compiler of an anthology of Spanish American poetry
French intellectual, 1913-1978, lived in Argentina during the Second World War
brother and slayer of Abel in the Bible
Fishburn and Hughes: "The first murderer in the Bible, the son of Adam and Eve, who killed his brother Abel out of jealousy and was cursed by God (Genesis 4:8-10)." (37)
Zorilla, 1842.
US novelist and journalist, 1892-1977.
Fishburn and Hughes: "A heretical Gnostic sect mentioned by Irenaeus, Epiphanius of Salamis and other Christian writers. Their name was derived from the cult of Cain whom they acclaimed for withstanding the God of the Old Testament, regarded by them as the cause of evil in the world. The Cainites possessed an apocryphal Gospel of Judas and believed that Judas, being in contact with the 'Truth', was aware of providence and brought about Jesus's betrayal because he knew in advance that it had to happen. The Cainites stressed the importance of evil in perpetual contest with good for supremacy in the universe, and held a dualistic creed not unlike the system of the Gnostics." (37)
capital of Egypt
Fishburn and Hughes: "The capital of Egypt, situated on the right bank of the Nile about twelve miles from the apex of its delta. Founded by the Arabs in 641-2, it is famous for its mosques, of which Amr is the oldest." (37-38)
city in Illinois
Argentine printmaker associated with the Instituto Argentino de Artes Gráficas and with Solidaridad Social
cicle of poems by Walt Whitman
Argentine writer, 1901-1978
Silva Valdes poem
victim of the Argentine judicial system defended by Gerchunoff
city near Zaragoza, Spain
Indian group of northern Argentina
Girondo book of poems, 1925
Calcutta, city in India
Fishburn and Hughes: "The largest city in India, and the capital of West Bengal. Calcutta was the capital of India under the British between 1833 and 1912." (38)
Calcutta newspaper founded in 1821
Fishburn and Hughes: "The London supplement of The Englishman Extraordinary, published in Calcutta 17 March 1838 - 13 April 1839." (38)
quarterly review, founded in 1844
Fishburn and Hughes: "A quarterly review published by the University of Calcutta, 1846-1945." (38)
lower region of Mesopotamia
Spanish playwright, 1600-81, author of La vida es sueño and countless other plays
US writer, 1903-87, author of Tobacco Road, God's Little Acre and other works
ranch in Borges story "El Congreso"
Zorrilla, 1845.
Argentine Indian leader, d. 1873, subject of a novel by Estanislao Zeballos
Parodi: "Juan Calfucurá (‘Piedra azul’), cacique araucano, muerto en 1873; protegido de Juan Manuel de Rosas, fundador de la Dinastía de los Piedra, jefe de una confederación indígena con capital en Salinas Grandes, continuó incursionando en ciudades de la provincia de Buenos Aires hasta su derrota en 1872" (176).
city in Colombia
character in Shakespeare's Tempest
Browning poem in Dramatis Personae, 1864
Khozikode, city in northern part of Kerala state, India, known as the City of Spices
Vilaseco
Parodi: "poema supuestamente publicado en Proa; cf. “Loomis” §2" (311).
state in western United States
town in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina
Parodi: "de las tres localidades mencionadas, Pujato aparece en “H.B.D.” §3 y Quequén, en “Vestuario I” §1. La California es una localidad de la provincia de Santa Fe, cercana a Las Rosas y a Rosario, situada a unos 400 km de Buenos Aires" (336).
here a reference to the university campus in Berkeley, California
nickname of Caius Caesar Germanicus, Roman emperor, 12-41
translation of the Pancatantra, a Sanskrit collection of moral fables, made for Alfonso X el Sabio, known in Arabic as Kalila wa Dimna
Parodi: "colección de fábulas morales que Alfonso xi el Sabio (1221-1284) hizo traducir al castellano hacia 1251 de la versión árabe de Kalila wa Dimna, obra del escritor persa Ibn al-Muqaffa (c.720-c.757), basada a su vez en una colección de fábulas en sánscrito, el Panchatantra. Los cuentos ejemplarizantes están contados y protagonizados por animales: un buey, un león y dos chacales llamados Calila y Dimna" (265).
Calypso, nymph, daughter of Atlas, who figures as a character in the Odyssey
London novel, 1903
street in Buenos Aires
Street in Buenos Aires.
street in La Plata
Street in the city of Montevideo, Uruguay.
Street in Buenos Aires
Lange book of poems, 1925
Former street of the city of Montevideo, Uruguay
A long street in Buenos Aires
Borges poem in Fervor de Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "The streets Rivadavia and Montes de Oca in Barracas and Constitución, an old part of Buenos Aires, once patrician, now run down." (38)
Apollinaire visual poems, 1918
Italian philosopher, 1904-86, author of Estetica, semantica, istorica and many other works, active in anti-fascist movements in Italy
Argentine poet, 1890-1923, author of Humanamente, 1918
Roman noblewoman, wife of Julius Caesar
Fishburn and Hughes: "The third wife of Julius Caesar, whom he married in 59 BC." (38)
Calvary, place of the crucifixion
Fishburn and Hughes: "A religious movement initiated by the French theologian and reformist John Calvin (1509- 1564). Calvin established a strict theocratic regime in Geneva, assuming wide-ranging powers over the private life of its citizens; infringements led to excommunication and exile. Calvinism was in direct opposition to Rome. Hence the distaste with which the presumably traditionally Roman Catholic narrator in the story alluded to it; but it also differed from other Protestant movements by its extreme position on predestination. Calvinism held that after the Fall, itself determined by God, everything that man wills and does is sin. There are only two paths to follow, concupiscence or grace, but man has no power over which to adopt, the choice having been predestined by God." (38)
Jean Calvinus or Cauvin, Swiss religious leader, 1509-64, author of Institution de la religion chrétienne and many other works
Italian writer, born in Cuba, 1923-85
story by Menén Desleal
Argentine writer, 1883-1915, author of Pedagogia social and El diletantismo sentimental
See House of Commons
Parodi: "la Cámara Argentina del Libro o Sociedad de Editores Argentinos fue creada en 1938 con el objetivo, entre otros, de fomentar la industria editorial local y en especial, la edición de autores nacionales"(180).
Portuguese author of Viagens em Marrocos, 1876
street in Buenos Aires
minor character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi:" “ya hablé con De Filipo y con Camargo”: dos supuestos jugadores de Abasto Junior" (325).
Spanish humorist, 1882-1962, author of La rana viajera and other works
Parodi: "“Como Julio Camba estampase en La rana viajera”: Julio Camba Andreu (1884-1962) fue un periodista y escritor humorista español. A los trece años se embarcó como polizón hacia la Argentina y en Buenos Aires se unió a los círculos anarquistas; en 1902 fue expulsado del país junto a otros izquierdistas. De regreso en España, en 1904 inició su carrera periodística, principalmente como corresponsal en varios países extranjeros. Su amplísima obra incluye títulos publicados entre 1916 y 1958. La rana viajera (1920) es una compilación de más de setenta artículos breves publicados en los grandes periódicos de la época. En esas columnas, con humor, ironía y fino sentido de la crítica Camba refleja el malestar de la sociedad española en aquellos momentos" (414-15).
Argentine woman married to Ramón Blanco and then to Diego de Alvear, owner of a quinta in the Calle 11 de septiembre, Belgrano, Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "A fictitious name composed of the surname of a prominent Argentine novelist, Eugenio Cambaceres (1843-1888), and Elvira de Alvear, with whom Borges was said to have been in love in his youth. The Alvear ‘palace’ was, indeed, situated in Calle 11 de Septiembre 1240." (38-39)
Discepolo tango
Argentine poet and dramatist, 1908-96, author of El problema de las generaciones literarias
city in England, site of Cambridge University
city in Massachusetts, site of Harvard University
here attributed to More, though the authors of the early editions were Trent, Erskine, Sherman and Van Doren; first published 1917-21
Ward and Waller, first published 1904-1916
city in New Jersey where Whitman lived
city in Ohio
editor of the apocryphal Deliciae Poetarum Borussiae, perhaps based on Joachim Camerarius, German classical scholar, 1500-74
H. G. Wells novel, 1937
character in El curioso impertinente, the exemplary novel Cervantes included in the first part of Don Quijote
tango song
former name of Avenida Sáenz, street in Buenos Aires
Williams play, 1953
Argentine poet, 1877-1944, author of Chacayaleras, Chaquiras, El paisaje, el hombre y su canción and other works, mostly remembered for the poem El tango in Chaquiras
Miguel Alfredo D’Elia poem, awarded third prize in a 1929 contest
Luis Vaz de Camões, Portuguese poet and adventurer, 1524-80, author of the epic poem Os Lusíadas as well as sonnets and other lyrics, sometimes written Camoens
El campamento Domineau, Pierre Mac Orlan novel, 1937
site of battle between Florence and Arezzo in 1289 in which Dante took part
nickname of a thug in Buenos Aires
Argentine magazine of the 1920s
tango by Flores and Linnig, c. 1925
Rey Escalona
Alain epigrams
Italian philosopher, 1568-1639, author of the Civitas Solis, De sensu rerum, De Monarchia Hispanica and other works
region of southern Italy
Spanish dictionary, 1891 and other editions
Parodi: "una obra del erudito peruano Manuel González de la Rosa (1841−1912), que fue sacerdote, historiador, bibliófilo, arqueólogo, estudioso de las culturas y lenguas precolombinas. En 1891, en París, González de la Rosa editó el Campano ilustrado: diccionario ilustrado castellano enciclopédico, una versión corregida y muy aumentada del Diccionario general abreviado de la Lengua Castellana. El más completo de los publicados hasta el día, que abraza los términos literarios y los del lenguaje usual en su sentido propio y figurado, de Lorenzo Campano (1876), al que incorporó gran cantidad de americanismos y peruanismos" (69-70).
Irish sailor who came to the River Plate with the English forces in 1806-07, deserted, then worked with Artigas organizing naval forces to defend the River Plate estuary, also a tanner, d. 1832
South African poet, 1902-57, translator of Camões, Juan de la Cruz and Calderón, and author of Flowering Rifle, a book about the Spanish Civil War
Spanish professor of literature and philosophy, 1834-1902, author of Lecciones de calotecnia para un curso de principios generales de literatura y literatura española, 1879
Pereda Valdés poem
Carlos Vega book of poems, 1927
The father of the gauschesque poet Estanislao del Campo
Argentine poet, 1834-1880, author of Fausto and other poems
Parodi: "el poeta gauchesco y político argentino Estanislao del Campo (1834−1880) es autor de Fausto: impresiones del gaucho Anastasio El Pollo en la representación de esta ópera (1866), que publicó bajo el pseudónimo de Anastasio el Pollo" (29).
Gauchesque poetry book by Miguel Domingo Etchebarne
Elysian Fields of classical mythology
Mexican writer, 1876-1945, author of El folklore y la musica mexicana
Italian nobleman, Ghibelline leader of Verona and protector of Dante, who wrote him a famous letter about the Divina Commedia
country in North America
town in province of Santa Fe near Rosario
place in the province of Buenos Aires, site of 1820 battle between Unitarios and Federales
Parodi: "es la más antigua de las emisoras de televisión en la Argentina. Su primera transmisión se realizó el 17 de octubre de 1951, con la difusión, desde la Plaza de Mayo del acto de celebración del ‘Día de la Lealtad Popular’, la mayor de las efemérides peronistas, que recuerda la movilización del 17 de octubre de 1945, cuando una multitud de obreros y sindicalistas exigieron la liberación del Coronel Juan D. Perón. En la actualidad, bajo el nombre de TV Pública, es el canal de mayor cobertura nacional, es gestionado por el Estado y depende directamente del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional" (288).
English Channel
Argentine poet and essayist, 1897-1982, author of Ensayo sobre la expresión popular artística en Santiago del Estero, Proposiciones en torno al problema de una cultura nacional argentina and other works, here ridiculed as Padre Feijoo Canal, author of Tratado del epíteto en la Cuenca del Plata
Parodi: "“El P. Feijóo (¿Canal?)”: la interrogación que Bustos coloca entre paréntesis insinúa su duda de si el autor de Epíteto en la Cuenca del Plata es Fray Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro (1676-1764) o el poeta y ensayista argentino Bernardo Canal Feijóo (1897-1982). Fray Feijóo fue un erudito, ensayista y polígrafo español de la Ilustración, autor de cientos de opúsculos polémicos que versan sobre temas varios. También autor de obras menores como Apología del escepticismo médico (1725), Satisfacción al Escrupuloso (1727), Respuesta al discurso fisiológico−médico (1727), Ilustración apologética (1729). Por su parte, Bernardo Canal Feijóo fue historiador, jurista, sociólogo, folclorista y dramaturgo, miembro y presidente de la Academia de Letras; participó en el movimiento ultraísta, en los grupos de Florida y de Boedo (cf. “Vestuario I” §8) y colaboró en la revista Martín Fierro. Fue premiado en varias ocasiones. Autor de ensayos sobre la realidad argentina, de poemas y de obras teatrales. Los comentarios de Borges y de Bioy sobre Canal Feijóo expresan el poco aprecio que sentían por él: en Borges 375, refiriéndose a Canal, dice Borges: “Ha de escribir como una persona que quiere decir algo, no encuentra la palabra justa, pone otra, sigue buscando, pone otra, pone otra y así sucesivamente: ‘Se abrochó el cuello, se anudó la cincha, quiero decir el cinturón, quiero decir la corbata.’ O: ‘Para salir a la calle ponte las pantuflas, las herraduras, los patines, las botas de potro, el calzado’”. En Borges 384, dice Bioy: “yo pienso, sin embargo, que sólo podría uno decir que Canal Feijóo es señor en oposición a ser escritor: es señor como un señor comisario o un señor vicepresidente de comité político de pueblo de campo”. También en Descanso 201, Bioy recurre al nombre de Canal para ejemplificar una entrada: “Idiomáticas. Pajarón: presuntuoso, persona de más prestigio que valía, como Battistessa o Canal Feijóo”" (300)
milonga, perhaps the early anonymous milonga "La canaria de Canelones"
Canary Islands, Spanish territory off the coast of west Africa
Uruguayan tango composer, violinist and director, 1888-1964.
Van Dine mystery, 1927
US critic, teacher and editor, 1878-1961
Canción de odio, Guerra Junqueiro poem
Argentine dramatist, novelist and short-story writer, 1892-1957
a crab that bit Herakles's ankle during his battle with the Hydra, now a zodiac sign
Cerberus, monstrous dog that guards the underworld in classical mythology
site of battle in Chile in 1818 in which San Martin was defeated by the Spanish forces
Fishburn and Hughes: "The site of a battle in Chile fought on 19 March 1818, when the army of San Martín was defeated by the Royalist forces. San Martín managed to save most of his men, but lost nearly all his military equipment. For a brief period the independence of Chile, which had seemed secure after the victory of Chacabuco, was uncertain, but it was finally assured on 5 April 1818 with the triumph at Maipú." (39)
Rodrigo Caro poem
Silva Valdés poem in Poemas nativos
poem by Ildefonso Pereda Valdés
Darío poem in Cantos de vida y esperanza, 1905
from Rafael Jijena Sánchez’s book of poems Achalay
Carriego posthumous book of poems, 1913
Atli
poem from Idelfonso Pereda’s book Música y acero
collection of Galician-Portuguese lyric, end of the 13th century, in the library of the Ajuda Palace in Lisbon
Cancionero General, collection of Portuguese lyric published in 1516 by Garcia de Resende
Aragonese anthology that includes Quesillos y requesones, 1721
Ventura Lynch, 1925, revised edition of his book La Provincia de Buenos Aires hasta la definición de la cuestión capital de la República
Jorge Furt work in 2 vols., 1923-25
collection of medieval Portuguese lyric, also known as the Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional
Canciones de la tarde, João de Lemos, 1875
Eugenio de Castro poems
Cansinos Assens "psalmos," 1914
street in Buenos Aires
character in Hudson's Purple Land
Spanish bandit, 1804-1837
Shaw heroine, protagonist of Candida
Voltaire philosophical romance, 1759
character in Voltaire's Candide
Argentine writer, 1897-1957
Argentine writer and journalist, 1851-1905, author of Juvenilia and other works
city in Uruguay near Montevideo
city in Peru near Ayacucho
Street in Buenos Aires
Parodi: "antigua calle de Buenos Aires que recibió ese nombre en 1895 en honor al pueblo de Cangallo destruido totalmente por las tropas realistas durante la campaña de San Martín en Alto Perú. El 30 de diciembre de 1984 escribe Bioy en Descanso: “Fue en Cangallo, 2330 (o 2230), donde formamos fila, Drago, Julito, Charley y yo, para pasar por los brazos de la Negra, prostituta […] Yo tenía doce o trece años. Hoy le cambiaron el nombre a la calle.” (335). Desde esa fecha ‘Cangallo’ se llama Teniente General Perón y el nombre de Cangallo lo recibe un tramo de la calle Arengreen, cerca del Parque Centenario, en Caballito. El Hotel El Nuevo Imparcial) supuestamente estaba ubicado en Cangallo al 3400" (109).
nickname used by Bustos Domecq
seaside boulevard in Marseille
Fishburn and Hughes: "One of the busiest streets of Marseilles, running from the old port to the central Boulevard de la Madeleine." (39)
Dadaist magazine, edited by Francis Picabia in 1920
avenue in Buenos Aires named for George Canning, British foreign secretary, now renamed Raúl Scalabrini Ortiz
avenue in Belgrano neighborhood of Buenos Aires
Tibetan Buddhist prayers
Spanish poet, novelist, translator and critic, 1883-1964
Carriego poem
Antonio D. Lussich's poem
in Bible, Song of Songs
cathedral city in southern England
Fishburn and Hughes: "A city in Kent, the see of the Primate of All England.
The archbishop of Canterbury referred to is St Anselm (c.1033-1109), one of the foremost scholastic thinkers. In what has come to be known as the Ontological Argument, Anselm sought to prove the existence of God on purely logical grounds, reasoning that if, as we must, we mean by God 'that than which nothing greater can be conceived', we cannot conceive of this entity unless it exists: what exists in external reality must be greater than what exists in the mind: thus God must exist not only inside the mind but also outside, in the 'real' world. The argument was shown to be circular by Aquinas and Kant, since existence cannot be regarded as predicate." (39)
Chaucer poem, written c.1387-1400
Frank Ernest Hill translation of Chaucer poem into modern English
João Ruiz de Castelo Branco poem from the Cancioneiro Geral
brief poems written in medieval Galician and Portuguese
called here Cantares de amor, poems in medieval Galician-Portuguese on the theme of love
collection of medieval songs compiled during the reign of Alfonso X el Sabio.
Darío poem for the Argentine centenary of 1910, collected in Canto a la Argentina y otros poemas, 1914
Ildefonso Pereda Valdés poem
Fernán Silva Valdés poem in the book Poemas Nativos
Fishburn and Hughes: "One of several examples in 'The Aleph' of 'universal poems': that is, poems which take a global view of the universe. Others are Drayton's Polyolbion and, though not specifically mentioned, the Divine Comedy. The title may be an allusion to Neruda's Canto General, in which he tells the history of America, from earliest times, before it got its name, to the present. The Canto was not published until 1950, a year after 'The Aleph', but Neruda began writing it in 1938 and Borges probably knew of it. Borges was critical of Neruda's denunciation of the USA in the Canto, because of his silence about Perón, which Borges attributed to self-interest. Earlier, Neruda had written a collection of poems entitled Residence on Earth. 'The Earth', the poem mentioned in the same story, may be an allusion to this." (18)
Ildefonso Pereda Valdés poem
Lugones poem in El libro fiel
Darío book of poems, 1907
Pérez Zelaschi, poetry, 1975.
Borges translation of a poem by Maurice Abramowicz published under the pseudonym Maurice Claude
Lugones poem in Poemas solariegos
Argentine novelist, journalist and translator, 1919-1994, author of El muro de mármol, El retrato de la imagen and other works, object of Borges's love in the 1940s and the model for Beatriz Viterbo in El Aleph
Fishburn and Hughes: "A novelist with whom Borges had an emotional relationship at the time of writing 'The Aleph'." (39)
Guangzhou, city in southern China
Fishburn and Hughes: "The largest city of southern China, situated at the delta of inland rivers flowing into the South China Sea. After contact with Hindu and Arab traders in the tenth century it grew vastly in size and became the first Chinese port to be visited regularly by European merchants." (39)
Tango song written by Enrique Cardícamo.
German mathematician, 1845-1918, known for his work on set theory and transfinite numbers
Pound poem series, ultimately 120 poems, 1930-1969
Parodi: "“un copioso fragmento de la Odisea inaugura uno de los Cantos de Pound”: el Canto I de Pound comienza por una versión poética del canto XI de la Odisea, que narra el descenso de Ulises al Hades" (256).
Pérez Zelaschi, poetry, 1944.
Darío book of poems, 1905
Rodríguez Marín collection in 5 vols., 1882-83
Italian historian and politician, 1804-1895, author of a universal history in many volumes
Parodi: "“la Historia Universal de César Cantú”: el historiador y político italiano César Cantú (1807−1896) publicó en veinte volúmenes una Historia universal, de gran difusión en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y la primera del XX. En la Argentina, un compendio de esa extensa obra fue el libro de texto escolar más empleado en la época para el aprendizaje de la historia universal" (45).
settlement in state of Bahia in northeastern Brazil where Antonio Maciel the "Conselheiro" lived with his followers
Fishburn and Hughes: "see Antonio Conselheiro." (39)
town in province of Buenos Aires
Parodi: 1) "ciudad de la provincia de Buenos Aires, al sur de la capital, en una zona dedicada a la agricultura y la ganadería. En 1889 se instaló allí la primera industria láctea del país, La Martona, propiedad de la familia de Bioy Casares. La Estación Cañuelas está sobre la línea del Ferrocarril Roca, a 60 km de la terminal de Constitución. ‘Cañuelas’ es mencionada también en “Hijo” ii §78" (151).
2) "‘coronar’ está empleado en el sentido de ‘llegar al punto más alto o extremo’, ‘culminar’. Para Cañuelas, cf. “Signo” §2" (402).
Xose María Cao Luaces, 1862-1918, caricaturist who directed Caras y Caretas, here illustrator of Loomis's Catre
Parodi:" “Catre, ilustrado por el lápiz de Cao”: el dibujante y caricaturista español Xose María Cao (1862-1918) nacido en Galicia, emigró a la Argentina en 1886. Colaboró en diarios y revistas (Don Quijote, Crítica, La Nación, El Hogar) y en Caras y Caretas (cf. “Vilaseco” §1), publicación a la que se incorporó en 1898 y de la que fue director artístico hasta 1912. Ese mismo año fundó la revista Fray Mocho (cf. “Doce”, Dedicatoria) y en 1917 la Revista Popular" (278).
chaos, the unformed universe in Greek mythology
Rodolfo Wilcock’s work, 1960.
Fishburn and Hughes: "A pejorative term used in the River Plate to designate a bodyguard, or bully's henchman." (39)
Argentine poet and essayist, 1889-1967, author of Melpomene, La fiesta del mundo and other works
Czech writer, 1890-1938
Latin encyclopedist, 5th century A.D., author of De Nuptiis
Fishburn and Hughes: "see Satyricon". (40)
German classical philologist, 1871-1961, author of Die griechische Philosophie, 1922, Das alten Germanien, 1937, and other works
town in the Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina
chapel established in 1725 in what is now the city of Rosario, Argentina
Sixtine Chapel in Vatican
Parodi: "referencia a los castrados que remplazaron las voces femeninas en los coros, en especial en la Capilla Sixtina, desde que en el siglo xvi el Papa Pablo IV prohibió que las mujeres cantaran en las iglesias" (90).
the Green Chapel in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Fishburn and Hughes: "The name commonly given to Buenos Aires, the capital of the Argentine Republic. Its inhabitants are known as porteños, or people of the port." (40)
Parodi:" “la Capital Federal”: nombre oficial de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires hasta 1996; en ese año se le otorgó autonomía legislativa y jurisdiccional y pasó a llamarse Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. El jefe de gobierno de la CABA es elegido directamente por el pueblo de la ciudad" (135).
river in the Luján delta in Tigre
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: "supuesto “Gran Capo” de la mafia rosarina, después de la muerte de Carlo Morganti. Vive en una elegante avenida de Rosario, el Boulevar Nicasio V. Oroño. Por un tiempo se esconde en Las Magnolias, la quinta de Larrea. El término ‘capo’ proviene del italiano capo, que se emplea coloquialmente con el significado de ‘jefe’, ‘cabeza’ y se aplica a la persona con poder y mando, y también al muy entendido en una determinada materia" (339).
hill in Rome where the temple of Jupiter was located
Alfonso Reyes essays, 1939 and 1945
US gangster, born in Italy, 1899-1947
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: "otro supuesto mafioso, enemigo de Capitano. El apellido Caponsacchi coincide con el de un personaje de The Ring and the Book, poema de Robert Browning publicado hacia 1869 en el que Browning elabora poéticamente un proceso por asesinato que tuvo lugar en Roma en 1698. Se acusaba al conde Guido Franceschini de haber matado a su esposa Pompilia Comparini y a sus suegros, bajo la sospecha de que Pompilia mantenía una relación amorosa con el joven clérigo Giuseppe Caponsacchi. (Para Browning cf. “Palabra” §§2-5)" (339-40).
“Las tapas eran con prójimas desnudas y de todos colores, y llevaban por título El jardín perfumado, El espión chino, El hermafrodita de Antonio Panormitano, Kama-Sutra y/o Ananga-Ranga, Las capotas melancólicas, las obras de Elefantis y las del Arzobispo de Benevento." It may refer to some kind of rude joke: the “capotas melancólicas” could be considered as a synonym of “taciturn condoms”. (Mentioned in Bustos Domecq story.)
US novelist, 1924-85, author of In Cold Blood
series of 80 aquatints by Francisco de Goya, 1797-98
Shaw play, 1900
Colonel Jack, Defoe, 1722
Capitán Nicolás, Walpole, 1934
Defoe novel, 1720
Phillpotts, novel, 1933.
Short story be Bloy, published in Histoires désobligeantes (1894).
Los cautivos, Joseph Kessel novel, 1926
hotel in Montevideo
Parodi: "supuesto hotel de Fray Bentos" (264).
early anonymous milonga
Argentine dramatist, friend of Carriego
book by Francisco Villamil, 1933
Argentine lawyer and poet, 1898-1989, one of the editors of Proa
river in Uruguay
Fishburn and Hughes: "A tributary of the Tacuarembó river in north-west Uruguay." (40)
Argentine magazine, 1898-1982
Parodi: "una revista semanal que apareció entre 1898 y 1941; combinaba artículos literarios con notas satíricas y comentarios sobre la vida política y social de Buenos Aires y de las provincias; ocasionalmente, también ofrecía información sobre deportes. Cada colaboración iba acompañada de fotografías o estaba ilustrada por reconocidos dibujantes, destacándose los caricaturistas de temas políticos. Cf. “Doce” Dedicatoria" (310).
family of early Spanish settlers in Argentina
hunter and gaucho in Antelo
mentioned in Borges-Bioy filmscript
priest, character in Bustos Domecq stories
Parodi: 1) "“el P. Carbone”: supuesto sacerdote, mencionado también en “Salvación” iii §2. El apellido aparece también en “Hijo” ii §90 y en “Limardo” i §11" (145).
2) "“el doctor Rodolfo Carbone”: tal vez un médico o más probablemente, un abogado. En su obra, Bustos Domecq menciona otros dos personajes de apellido Carbone: en “Testigo”, ‘el P. Carbone’ (§4), al que también se alude en Nuevos cuentos, “Salvación” iii §2. En “Hijo” ii §90, aparece un doctor Carbone, apodado ‘el Momo’" (114).
3) "“el Momo Carbone”: ‘Momo’, el apodo del doctor Carbone, es usual en individuos cuyo nombre de pila es Gerónimo" (404).
book by Marcos Leibovich
Argentine lawyer and writer, 1860-1946
Carcassonne, walled city in southern France
Dunsany story
Piranesi engravings
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi:" “mi amigo Julio Cárdenas”: personaje sólo de “Hijo”, conocido por el apodo de Telescopio" (385).
city in southern Wales
landowner in Tacuarembó, character in Borges story
character in Borges story
gaucho outlaw and knife-fighter, nicknamed Calandria
Fishburn and Hughes: "A region in the province of Buenos Aires. See Eusebio Laprida." (40)
Italian poet and critic, 1835-1907
Charybdis, whirlpool in a narrow channel of the sea, an obstacle in the Odyssey
Caribbean Sea
Anglada book, 1939
Parodi: "el título de esta obra atribuida a Anglada y supuestamente publicada por su propia editorial, Probeta, insinúa que quien se hizo cargo del coste de la edición fue Manuel Muñagorri, un estanciero dedicado a la cría y selección de toros de raza, aludido aquí como ‘el Minotauro’. En cuanto a ‘buzo’, podría relacionarse con ‘buceador’, un término que Bioy (Diccionario) cataloga como ‘exquisito’: “Exquisitez de importancia hacia los años veinte”" (66).
Emily Dickinson's dog
Charlemagne, Frankish emperor, 742-814
street in Buenos Aires named for the Argentine historian and political figure, 1824-1906
Charles II of France, 823-77
character in Francisco Ayala's El hechizado, 1944
Carlos Zubillaga book, 1976
Charles I, English king, 1600-49, overthrown and beheaded in English Revolution
Fishburn and Hughes: "King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1625, who came into conflict with the Commons over divine right. Defeated in the Civil War, he was executed in 1649. Eye-witnesses of his execution paid tribute to his demeanour on the scaffold: for example Andrew Marvell, who wrote, 'He nothing common did or mean / Upon that memorable scene' ('Upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland'). Borges described the execution in a poem entitled 'A Morning in 1649'. Its poignancy lies in the irony of the final verse. Fearlessly approaching death, the king greets the crowds with the same smile with which he had responded in previous years to their ovations: 'Lightly he nods his head / And smiles. He has done it so many times'." (45)
English king, 1630-85
Palatine prince
emperor of Spain and of the Holy Roman Empire, 1500-58
Swedish king, 1682-1718
Fishburn and Hughes: "A king of Sweden, known as 'The Alexander of the North', who led his country in military campaigns for eighteen years, defending it from its northern neighbours. He was an enlightened and reforming ruler. Charles XII admired the historian Quintus Curtius' biography of Alexander and carried a copy with him on all his campaigns. Once, when asked to compromise on a military matter, he was heard to say: 'Memini me Alexandrum, non mercatorem' ('I remember that I am Alexander, not a merchant'). Borges wrote a poem entitled 'Carlos XII'." (45)
Thomas Carlyle's brother, 1801-1879, translator of Dante
British essayist and historian, 1795-1881, author of Sartor Resartus, The French Revolution, On Heroes and many other works
Fishburn and Hughes: "A Scottish historian and essayist, at first much admired by Borges, for whom he was one of a few authors said to epitomise literature (Coleridge’s Flower, TL:242). Borges later rejected Carlyle's cult of heroism, condemning him as the inventor of the idea of the Teutonic race and the direct precursor of the Nazis. Carlyle's Sartor Resartus (The Taylor Re-patched), is an apocryphal biography of a Dr Teufelsdröckh (Devil's Dirt), said to contain many autobiographical details. Carlyle quotes from Teufelsdröckh's mystical writings as if they existed, adding his own commentaries. Borges used similar devices, notably in 'The Approach to Almotasim' and 'Pierre Menard, author of Don Quixote'. CF 353: Carlyle's thesis that men need heroes occurs throughout his writings but particularly in On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History (1841: translated by Borges) and Past and Present (1843)." (40)
Prosper Merimée novel, 1845, and Georges Bizet opera, 1875, about a Spanish gypsy woman
Fishburn and Hughes: "The main character of an opera by Bizet, which was first produced in 1875, with a libretto by Meilhac and Halévy based on a novel by Prosper Mérimée. Its melodramatic plot of love and death, gypsies, soldiers and toreadors creates what seems a typically Spanish ambience." (40)
town in the province of Buenos Aires
Lactantius work on the phoenix
city in the province of Buenos Aires
character in the Libro de buen amor
collection of Alain epigrams
Anglada naturalist novel, 1914
Parodi: "el título sugiere una alusión a la novela naturalista del poeta, ensayista y periodista uruguayo Elías Castelnuovo (1893−1982), uno de los fundadores del llamado Grupo Boedo, que en 1926 publicó Carne de cañón. (Conato de novela naturalista, dividida en un prólogo, dos operaciones y un entierro) y en 1930, Carne de hospital" (66).
pseud. of Dale Breckenridge Carnegey, 1888-1955, author of bestselling How to Win Friends and Influence People, 1936, as well as of biography of Lincoln
character in Bustos Domecq story
Anglada nativist novel, 1931, also called La libreta de un gaucho
Parodi: "novela nativista que ridiculiza las pretensiones de nativismo de una obra que ya desde el título emplea el galicismo carnet" (66).
Argentine poet included in the Exposición de la actual poesía argentina
Argentinian tango composer and director, 1899-1980.
Spanish poet, 1573-1647, author of Canción a las ruinas de Itálica
Cullen anthology of African American poetry, 1927
Charon, the ferryman across the Styx
Fishburn and Hughes: "In Greek mythology the divinity charged with transporting the dead across the river Styx. Charon's fee was an obol, which was placed in the mouth of the dead at burial." (45)
Parodi: "en la mitología griega, Caronte, el barquero del Hades, transportaba a la otra orilla del río Aqueronte sólo a aquellas almas que le entregaban una moneda" (283).
German novelist and poet, 1878-1956; his 1937 book is Der Arzt Gion: eine Erzählung
town in Switzerland near Geneva
Italian painter, 1472-1526
Carpathian mountains in central Europe
Fishburn and Hughes: "A mountain range in eastern Europe.
A 'war in the Carpathians' cannot be precisely located. The area is closely associated with Jewish pogroms and has a tenuous historical connection with Hasidism, the Baal Shem Tov having gone into retreat there for a period." (40-41)
English writer and social reformer, 1844-1929, early homosexual activist
French boxer, 1894-1975
Alexandrian Gnostic philosopher, 2nd century
Fishburn and Hughes: "A second-century Neoplatonist from Alexandria, the founder of a heretical sect which believed in the dualism of good and evil, denied the divinity of Christ and held that the soul is imprisoned in the body from which it strives to be free. The Theologians: Carpocrates believed that a man could be redeemed only after he had undergone experiences of all kinds and committed every possible deed, good and bad. Carpocrates himself seems to have led a simple life, but his followers were often accused of gross indulgence and superstition." (41)
US writer, 1906-77, prolific author of crime fiction under Carter Dickson and various other pseudonyms
Parodi: "“Carter Dickson”: uno de los pseudónimos empleados por el escritor norteamericano John Dickson Carr (1906−1977), un maestro de enigmas de cuarto cerrado que resolvían dos excéntricos detectives, el doctor Gideon Fell, y Sir Henry Merrivale. En Cautivos 347, en la reseña de It walks by night, de Dickson Carr, escribe Borges: “El presente volumen de Dickson Carr −autor de El barbero ciego, de El hombre hueco, de El ocho de espadas− nos propone otra solución [de “el cadáver en la pieza cerrada”]. No cometeré la torpeza de revelarla. El libro es amenísimo. Sus muchas muertes ocurren en un París que se sabe irreal. Confieso que los últimos capítulos me han defraudado un poco: frustración casi inevitable en ficciones como ésta, que quieren resolver racionalmente problemas insolubles” (347)" (26-27).
Earl of Somerset, c. 1590-1645
Italian futurist painter, 1881-1966
detective in works of Ernest Bramah
Parodi: "'Max Carrados, not least, lleva consigo por doquier la portátil cárcel de la ceguera...': investigador ciego creado por el escritor británico Ernest Bramah (1868−1942), protagonista de una serie de relatos policiales. El último de los Seis problemas, 'Tai An', está dedicado a Ernest Bramah; cf. 'Tai An' 'Dedicatoria'" (30).
street in Buenos Aires
character in Don Quijote, student, who eventually defeats the hero in battle, sometimes called El Bachiller
Ecuadoran poet and historian, 1903-1978
Parodi: "“ese protagonista de la cacofonía y del caos que porta con su frente bien alta el apropiado nombre de Jorge Carrera Andrada!”: (1902-1978) fue un poeta vanguardista, autor de ensayos, traductor y diplomático, considerado uno de los más grandes poetas ecuatorianos. El calificativo “apropiado” juega con dos acepciones diferentes de ‘apropiar’ y conlleva un juicio sobre la obra del poeta. En Borges en Sur 261, comenta Borges An Anthology Of Contemporary Latin American Poetry, compilada por Dudley Fitts en 1942, y señala “sospecho que para inaugurar una antología de todo el continente hubiera sido posible exhumar un ejercicio menos insípido que Primavera & Compañía del ecuatoriano Jorge Carrera Andrade [sic] como dirigente de la poesía de su país. Su lira es a veces épica, con trazas palpables de la influencia de Walt Whitman. Whitman ha sido calumniado”" (225-26).
Tango written by Ángel G. Villoldo.
Ipuche
Enrique Amorim novel, 1929
Silva Valdés poem in Poemas nativos
former name of a square in Buenos Aires
family of the poet
Argentine poet, 1883-1912, author of El alma del suburbio, Las misas herejes and other works, subject of a 1930 Borges study.
Fishburn and Hughes: "A popular poet, story-writer and playwright whose principal theme was his own barrio Palermo. At his early death, from pneumonia, he had published only one volume of poetry, Misas herejes (1908), his work being known mainly through informal readings in neighbourhood cafés. In his poetry Carriego creates the myth of the porteño suburb, describing the starkness of life in the barrio in a spirit that owes much to Modernism and Baudelairian decadence. Carriego was a friend of Borges's father and visited their house every Sunday; Borges claims to have been greatly influenced as a child by their literary discussions. Like the narrator of 'Juan Muraña', Borges wrote a literary biography of Carriego, which was published in 1930." (41)
Parodi: "Evaristo Carriego (1883-1912) fue el autor de Las misas herejes (1908) y otros poemas" (276).
the poet's grandfather, author of Páginas olvidadas, 1895
Evaristo Carriego's brother
river in Castile, next to which the Cid fought a battle
Argentine specialist in oral poetry, 1895-1967
pseudonym of mathematician Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, English writer, 1832-1898, author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking Glass, Sylvie and Bruno and other works
Horacio Rega Molina poem
Main work of jesuit priest Francisco Javier Iturri. It was written as a response to the Historia de América (1797) by spanish writer Juan Bautista Muñoz.
city in southeastern Spain
city on Caribbean coast of Colombia
Fishburn and Hughes: "The capital of a department in northern Colombia, a seaport on the Caribbean. Cartagena proclaimed its independence from Spain in 1811 and was reoccupied four years later. It did not become free until 1821, under the presidency of Bolívar." (41)
ancient Carthage, near Tunis
Fishburn and Hughes: "A city in North Africa sacked by the Romans in 146 BC after the Third Punic War. The Theologians: after the second century Carthage became an important centre of Christianity, counting among its bishops two of the Church fathers, Tertullian and Cyprian. Between 251 and 553 it was the seat of several ecclesiastical councils. Guayaquil, CF 391: Carthage is of special interest to Jews on account of its inhabitants' Phoenician origin. Its early form of government recalls that of the Hebrew judges, and there are similarities in religious practices. The history of Carthage has interested Jewish historians since Josephus, who sought to establish the antiquity of the Jews by reference to the foundation of Carthage, adducing a document stating that the Temple was built 143 years and 8 months before the Tyrians founded Carthage." (41-42)
Parodi: "“la destrucción de Roma por Cartago”: la historia tradicional afirma que Cartago fue destruida por la República romana en 146 a. C" (322).
character in Borges story, based on legendary figure of the Wandering Jew
Fishburn and Hughes: "A fictional character in 'The Immortal'. His name alludes to the legend of the Wandering Jew, which first appeared in a thirteenth-century chronicle by Roger Wendover. According to Wendover, a certain Cartaphilus (believed to be St Joseph of Arimathaea), taunted Jesus on his way to the Cross and was told by him that he would have to wait on earth until he returned. Cartaphilus lived to a hundred and then reverted to thirty, at which age he was destined to remain until the end of the world. The legend of the Jew condemned to wander about the world until Christ's second coming has been told in several versions and was a popular subject in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Through these reworkings the legend shares with the Odyssey the fate of 'immortality'." (41)
Letters sent by Mariquita Sánchez to Juan Bautista Alberdi. (1849)
Eça de Queiroz travel book, published posthumously in 1905
Cortázar story
Lettres edifiantes et curieuses, a 34 volume collection of letters from Jesuit missionaries, published 1702 to 1776
Cascales, 1638
Ubalde
See Carr, John Dickson
detective, hero of numerous novels by John Coryell
Parodi: "“las revistas de Nick Carter”: erróneamente, Isidro Parodi supone que el nombre del Padre Brown proviene de las revistas de Nick Carter, un detective de cuentos policiales creado por John Coryell, publicado por primera vez en 1886. Sus primeras aventuras se publicaron en el New York Story Paper, que editaba “novelas de diez centavos” (dime−novels). En los años veinte y treinta, las historias de Carter comenzaron a publicarse semanalmente en revistas y eran escritas por diversos autores, entre los que se destacó Fredrick Van Rensselaer Dey (1862−1922) que escribió más de mil. En la Argentina fueron muy populares y siguieron vendiéndose con la misma periodicidad y formato en años posteriores" (63).
Italian operatic tenor, 1873-1921
Parodi: "“todo lo que atinge a la carrera de Caruso”: ‘atingir’ es americanismo que se emplea con el significado de atañer. Enrico Caruso (1873-1921) es reconocido como el más célebre tenor italiano de la historia de la lírica. Cantó en las salas más famosas del mundo, entre las que se cuentan las que menciona Capitano: en varias ocasiones, desde 1898, en La Scala de Milán; una única vez en el Liceo de Barcelona, en 1904; en la Ópera de París, en 1910; en el Metropolitan Opera House de Nueva York fue el primer tenor desde 1902 hasta 1920, período en que cumplió más de 600 actuaciones; en El Cairo actuó en 1895, y en Buenos Aires cantó en 1899, 1900, 1901 y 1903 en el antiguo Teatro de la Ópera, sobre la Avenida Corrientes, y en 1915 y 1917 en el entonces nuevo Teatro Colón. En 1915 realizó una gira por varios países latinoamericanos y, en la Argentina actuó también en las ciudades de Rosario, Córdoba y Tucumán. En sus varias visitas, Caruso dio en el país más de 150 representaciones líricas y conciertos. Según recuerda Bioy (Borges 1461), fue de él la idea de darle al mafioso del cuento la pasión por Caruso" (341).
Portuguese poet, 1920-1984
English author and translator, 1772-1844, translator of Dante and Aristophanes
Mujica Láinez story
in Lomas in Buenos Aires
Parodi:" institución mencionada en “Toros” y en “Sangiácomo” en la que algunos de los personajes de Bustos dan conferencias o asisten a ellas. La ubicación que se atribuye a la Casa, Florida y Tucumán, corresponde a la dirección de la Editorial Martín Fierro, impresora de la Revista Martín Fierro, que en los años veinte editó obras de varios martinfierristas, entre ellos, de Borges" (64).
Borges story, 1947
former convent in the center of Buenos Aires
art association in Bustos Domecq stories
religious association in Bustos Domecq stories
Parodi: "una institución católica dedicada a la formación religiosa; cf. “Limardo” i §7" (145).
optician in Suárez Lynch novella
Argentine government house on the Plaza de Mayo
Cortázar story, first published by Borges in Los Anales de Buenos Aires, later included in Bestiario
poem by Ernesto López-Parra
Spanish count
Casa Witcomb was a gallery and photography business founded by the celebrated Argentine photographer Alejandro S. Witcomb (1835-1905). Casa Witcomb remained opened almost 90 years from 1880 to 1970.
Cuban poet, 1863-1893
Uruguayan poet and critic. Author of Exposición de la poesía uruguay desde su origen hasta 1940
Cervantes exemplary novel
A poem by Evaristo Carriego
Carriego poem in La cancion del barrio
Cassandra, daughter of Priam and Hecuba, prophetess
Italian adventurer and writer, 1725-98, author of a famous book of memoirs of his erotic adventures
Banchs book of poems, 1909
Spanish historian and critic, 1564-1642
Dickson Carr, novel, 1941.
Gardner mystery, 1937
Gardner mystery, 1950
Gardner mystery, 1955
Gardner mystery, 1954
Gardner mystery, 1936
town near Buenos Aires, site of decisive battle in 1852 in which Rosas was defeated
street in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "A street in southern Buenos Aires, near Plaza Constitución. A firm of lawyers having offices here, rather than in the vicinity of Tribunales (the Law Courts), implies that it is relatively obscure." (42)
character in Borges story
town in the province of Buenos Aires
Italian scholar, 1859-1917, editor of Dante and author of works on Italian metrics, Tasso, Garibaldi and other subjects
Van Dine crime novel, 1935
Cassio, character in Shakespeare's Othello
supernova in the constellation Cassiopeia
Poe story, 1846
mystery by Freeman Wills Crofts, 1920
Pérez Zelaschi, detective novel, 1966.
Vec Makropulos, Capek novel later adapted as an opera by Janacek
pseud. of Alejandro Rodríguez Alvarez, 1903-65, Spanish
playwright and poet
Caspian Sea, bounded by Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Khazakhstan
scene designer
French literary scholar, 1897-1986, author of Panorama de la littérature espagnole contemporaine
Argentine painter and architect, 1908-72
Jaimes Freyre book of poems, 1899
Franciscan friar and political figure, 1776-1832, represented in Capdevila's La santa furia del padre Castañeda
French mathematician, priest and inventor, 1688-1757, author of Optique des couleurs, a treatise on the melody of colors, and inventor of an ocular harpsichord
João Ruiz de Castelo Branco, fifteenth-century Portuguese poet, author of the cantiga Partindo-se
Spanish essayist and novelist, 1832-99
place of origin of Sangiacomo family, perhaps Castellammare del Golfo in Sicily
Costa Alvarez, 1928
Argentine poet and dramatist, 1861-1932, author of El borracho, El Nuevo Eden, La leyenda argentina and other works
Uruguayan-born Argentine writer, 1893-1980, author of numerous works on working class life
Camilo Ferreira Botelho Castelo-Branco, Portuguese writer, 1826-1890
Argentine physician and medical researcher, 1886-1968
Portuguese writer, 1800-1875
Castile, region in central and northern Spain
Spanish poet, c. 1491-1550, author of Contra los que dejan los metros castellanos y siguen los italianos
doctor of the Sangiacomo family, character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: "personaje de Bustos mencionado como médico de familia Sangiácomo. Cf. “Sangiácomo” vi §12" (98).
Excerpt from Jacques le Fataliste (1769) by Diderot.
Argentine politician, 1873-1944, president in 1942-43
Parodi: "“bajo la presidencia del doctor Castillo”: el abogado, profesor de Derecho Constitucional y juez Ramón S. Castillo (1873−1944), un político conservador que ocupó el cargo de Vicepresidente de la República de 1938 a 1942, año en que se publicó Seis problemas y en que Montenegro firma el prólogo. Se desempeñó como Presidente hasta que, un año más tarde, fue derrocado por la ‘revolución del 4 de junio’ (cf. Modelo “A manera de Prólogo” §7). Su actuación política se cumple durante la llamada ‘Década infame’, un período de gobiernos autoritarios, fraudulentos y corruptos que se iniciaron con el primer golpe de estado de la historia argentina, −el 6 de septiembre de 1930−, que derrocó al gobierno democrático de Hipólito Yrigoyen. Durante este período fueron presidentes el General José Félix Uriburu (1930−1932), el General Agustín P. Justo (1932−1938), Roberto Ortiz (1938−1942) y, por último, Ramón S. Castillo. En el Prólogo a Modelo (cf. §5) Bustos Domecq menciona Bocetos biográficos del doctor Ramón S. Castillo como una de las obras que copió Suárez Lynch. En 1988, en la segunda conversación con Fernando Sorrentino, dice Bioy de Castillo: 'Bueno, pero es que el mismo Castillo era bastante pronazi también, ¿no? Aunque era mucho más civilizado que los que vinieron después' (90)" (30).
Greek mythological hero, twin of Pollux
minor character in Borges-Bioy filmscript
tragedy by Antonio Ferreira, 1587, about Inês de Castro
Spanish critic and historian, 1885-1972, author of El pensamiento de Cervantes, La realidad histórica de España, La peculiaridad lingüística rioplatense y su sentido histórico and other works
Portuguese writer, 1869-1944
author of Vocabulario y frases de Martin Fierro, 1950
Galician noblewoman, 1325-55, best known as the beloved of King
Pedro I of Portugal
Portuguese writer, 1898-1974
Buenos Aires knife-fighter
name taken by the Tichborne Claimant during his residence in Australia
Williams play, 1955
former convent in central part of Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "The detailed description of the Greek armaments in book 2 of Homer's Iliad." (42)
Catalonia or Catalunya, autonomous region in eastern Spain
province in northern Argentina
street in Buenos Aires
Parodi: "“la calle Catamarca 95”: domicilio de la empresa de Nemirovsky, ubicada a media cuadra de la Plaza Once" (137).
Bibiloni poems
cathedral of Buenos Aires, on the Plaza de Mayo
the cathedral in Geneva
Aristotle work on logic
English forester in the time of Richard III
China
Czinner film, 1933
one of the characters created by Niní Marshall, 1904-1996, Argentine comic actress
African mammal whose eyes cause death, according to Pliny
Marcus Porcius Cato, Roman philosopher, 95-46 B.C.
Parodi: "Marco Poncio Catón, el severo Censor romano; cf. “Sangiácomo” vi §11" (145).
Loomis book, 1914
Patagonian Indian leader, d. 1874
Fishburn and Hughes: "An Indian chieftain, who fought against the Indians on the side of the Argentine national government, leading his 800 men into battle against the invading Chilean Indians under their cacique Calfucurá. Some years later he fought on the side of the revolutionary forces. He was taken captive and handed over to loyalist Indians, who stabbed him to death." (42)
Parodi:" Cipriano Catriel, cacique pampa nacido probablemente en 1837, murió en 1874; nombrado por el gobierno argentino “Cacique General de las Pampas” colaboró con el ejército nacional en la conquista del territorio indígena" (176).
Italian philosopher and politician, 1801-1869, author of Storia della Rivoluzione del 1848 and Archivio triennale delle cose d'Italia and editor of Il Politecnico
Parodi: "Cattaneo es el supuesto autor de un Análisis de la obra de Baralt. La mención de este escritor apócrifo es una broma de Borges y Bioy: en el capítulo IV de Evaristo Carriego, “La canción del barrio” (OC I: 130) entre los cambios de Palermo hacia 1912, Borges evoca: “Cattaneo, en la imaginación popular, había desbancado a Moreira...”. También Bioy, en Jardines 69, cita una “musa popular” que rememora a este personaje: “Cattaneo /Dame la mano / Para subir/a l’aeroplano. / Cattaneo / No vueles alto / Que se te rompe / El aparato.” Y Bioy agrega un comentario de Borges: “Ya en esta estrofa el autor empieza a tener rabia y a ser procaz”. Estos mismos versos están registrados en las páginas 1329-1330 de Borges, que Daniel Martino comenta en una nota: “Cuando Borges está de muy buen humor suele tararear […] una canción cuya letra es: ‘Cattaneo, dame la mano’ […] Hicimos una pequeña investigación para averiguar quién era Cattaneo y nos enteramos [de] que fue un arriesgado y valiente piloto italiano, Bartolomé Cattaneo, quien […] sobrevoló Buenos Aires a 2000 metros de altura y fue el primero que unió en un vuelo directo Buenos Aires y Rosario allá por 1911 […]. No tenía la menor idea de las proezas de Cattaneo −afirma Borges−, sólo sé que cuando yo era chico, él era célebre y yo cantaba esa estrofa para mí inexplicable, sin mayor erudición.” Bartolomeo Cattaneo (1883-1949) fue el primer aviador italiano en recibir una licencia de vuelo y el primero en cruzar por aire el Río de la Plata, en unir Buenos Aires con Rosario, con Santiago de Chile y con Porto Alegre. Su popularidad aumentó desde que, como parte de las celebraciones del Centenario, deslumbró al público con sus destrezas aéreas y aterrizó en pleno Hipódromo de Buenos Aires durante el Gran Premio Carlos Pellegrini de 1910" (286-87).
Gaius Valerius Catullus, Roman poet, c. 84-54
river and region in Colombia
the Caucasus region
novel by Jorge Guillermo Borges, 1921
Pseudonym of Christopher St. John Sprigg, 1907-1937, British Marxist writer and poet, author of Illusion and Reality and Studies in a Dying Culture
Gnostic heaven of heavens
character in Borges story
Echeverria poem in Rimas, 1837
Frank Lloyd film, 1933, starring Clive Brook, based on a play by Noël Coward
Italian poet and philosopher, c.1255-1300
Italian mathematician and scientist, 1598-1647, student of Galileo, author of Geometria individibilus continuorum nova quadum ratione promota, 1635
Fishburn and Hughes: "An Italian mathematician, a disciple of Galileo, whose work in geometry was fundamental to the development of integral calculus. Cavalieri expounded his geometry of indivisibles in A Certain Method for the Development of a New Geometry of Continuous Indivisibility (1635), a work that provoked much criticism at the time." (42-43)
Mascagni opera, 1890
Parodi: "un melodrama breve, con música de Pietro Mascagni (1890) y libreto de Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti, que Caruso estrenó en 1895. Debido a su corta duración, Cavalleria se representa con frecuencia en un programa doble con Pagliaci, de Ruggero Leoncavallo" (342).
Cawdor, area in Scotland of which Macbeth was thane
figure in proverb
Parodi: "“Cayetano es buen amigo”: una frase popular que alude a los beneficios de guardar silencio, y que se basa en la similitud fonética entre el nombre ‘Cayetano’ y los términos ‘callar’, ‘callado’ (silencioso), con la pronunciación yeísta rioplatense. En Borges 522-523, apunta Bioy: “Comentamos las expresiones −todas de idéntico significado−: ‘Cayetano es buen amigo’, ‘Mum’s the word’, ‘Al buen callar le llaman Sancho’.” Para el juego con nombre y apellidos, cf. “Limardo” i §13" (421).
Mujica Láinez story
Menén Desleal story
French literary historian and English scholar, 1877-1965, co-author with Emile Legouis of a history of English literature
Victor Hugo poem, 1855
Valery Larbaud essay, 1925
French naturalist novelist, 1851-1924
Jorge Luis Borges' conference published in Siete noches
Spanish critic and historian, 1864-1927, author of Fraseologia y estilistica castellana, Tesoro de la lengua castellana, Historia de la lengua y literatura castellana and other works
Parodi: "filólogo español, mencionado en “Sangiácomo (cf. IV §7), en su labor literaria osciló entre la escritura de extensas obras en varios volúmenes y la publicación de notas brevísimas en periódicos y revistas" (274).
Parodi: "“la celda 273”: calabozo en que está recluido don Isidro Parodi, en la Penitenciaría Nacional (cf. “Doce” i §4). Según el testimonio de Bioy Casares (Borges 1503), tuvieron con Borges una razón para elegir el número de la celda: “Borges repite su error de que empezamos a escribir Bustos Domecq en mi cuarto, sobre el garaje, en casa de mis padres, en avenida Quintana; cuando le digo que yo ya estaba casado y que vivía con Silvina en Coronel Díaz, se convence y recuerda que el número de la celda de Parodi, en la Penitenciaría, es el de mi casa de Coronel Díaz 2730, menos el cero final”. Mencionada también en “Doce” i §46; “Limardo” i §1; “Tai An” i §2; Modelo i §1 y v §1" (25).
Twain story, 1865
An argentine poet and tango songwriter (1896-1947).
Fishburn and Hughes: "A term used in Platonism for an ideal 'form' existing outside the sensible world whose individual physical manifestations are but reflections." (42)
Forster collection of stories, 1911
Fernando de Rojas dialogue novel, 1499
pope and saint, born Pietro Angeleri di Murrone, 1215-96
Text written by Alejandro Margariño Cervantes. It was published in 1852
Parodi: "“el filósofo de Vich, el sazonado autor de Celibato clerical”: alusión a Balmes (cf. supra §25), que inauguró su carrera como escritor en 1840, con un ensayo enviado a un concurso del periódico El católico madrileño sobre el tema del celibato del clero católico. Allí sostiene que la supresión del celibato por la Reforma protestante fue obra del desenfreno de las pasiones; en defensa del celibato católico sostiene que, desde el momento en que aparece la mujer en la vida del sacerdote, éste “se abate, su dignidad se humilla, su gravedad se amengua, su austeridad se relaja”" (229).
Pilar de Lusarreta, 1935.
French physician and novelist, 1894-1961, author of Voyage au bout de la nuit and Mort à credit
Fishburn and Hughes: "A French writer, best known for his provocative novel Journey to the End of Night (1934) which portrays French life during and after World War I. Its profane tone and obscenity were regarded as offensive. A supporter of fascist doctrines, Céline also wrote an anti-semitic work entitled Bagatelles pour un massacre." (42)
Essay by Bloy, 1908.
town in France near Bourges
Italian artist and writer, 1500-71, author of famous autobiography
Cervantes exemplary novel
local priest in Baldomero Fernández Moreno poem
Fishburn and Hughes: "Literature written in Gaelic and the ancient languages of Wales, Ireland and Brittany. This literature includes many elements of the culture of the Druids, such as their belief in the transmigration of souls. The two cycles of Irish epics, composed originally in the seventh and eighth centuries and transcribed in the tenth century, are part of the tradition. The epic poems mentioned refer to the cycle of Ulster and the Fenian cycle, the most important documents of Irish mythology, written in a mixture of prose and poetry. The first, relating to the first century BC, contains the famous Táin-bó-Cuailinge describing the war between Ulster and Connaught which was started by the disappearance of the black bull of Cuailinge. Then, at the court of Medh, the Queen of Connaught, the bull defeated the whitehorned bull of Connaught and returned triumphantly to Ulster. In the Fenian cycle, concerning events in Munster and Leinster in the third century, the legend of Finn tells how Finn gained his knowledge from eating the flesh of a salmon." (43)
Yeats book of folk tales, 1893
in Buenos Aires
in Buenos Aires
Ibarra translation of Valéry poem
Cena de las cenizas, Bruno work on the Copernican theory, 1584
Güiraldes book of poems, 1915
pseud. of Frédéric Louis Sauser, French-Swiss novelist and poet, 1887-1961
in Greek mythology, a race of creatures, half-horse, half-man
park in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "Celebrations of the centenary of the Declaration of Independence in the River Plate Provinces in 1810." (43)
Parodi: "referencia a la sociedad comercial ‘Mercado Central de Frutos’, creada en 1887, que construyó su sede en Avellaneda, junto al Riachuelo. El Mercado ocupaba un monumental edificio de dos manzanas de superficie y estaba destinado al acopio y venta de lanas, cueros, cereales y otros productos agrícolas. Fue inaugurado hacia 1890, cerrado en 1963 y demolido tres años más tarde" (169).
center of Buenos Aires
Murena’s collection of short stories, 1956.
street in Buenos Aires, now called Pueyrredon
The central geographic region of the Americas.
Watson book on vigilantes, gangsters and other gunmen, 1931
place in the province of Buenos Aires, site of battle in 1859 between Urquiza and Mitre
Fishburn and Hughes: "A site north west of Buenos Aires where the Confederation forces under Urquiza defeated the porteño Mitre on 23 October 1859, forcing the province of Buenos Aires to abandon its autonomy and become part of the Argentine Confederation." (43)
Middle East, see also Medio Oriente
Menén Desleal story
US writer and publisher, 1898-1971, known as humorist, anthologist, and founder of Random House
Cerinthus, gnostic thinker, fl. c. 100 AD, considered a heresiarch by the early Church
magazine edited by Carlos Anglada, 1924-1927
Parodi: supuestamente "aparecieron cuatro números entre 1924 y 1927, años que coinciden con los de la publicación de la Revista Martín Fierro" (67).
Parodi: "calle que corre al oeste de la Avenida 9 de Julio y paralela a ella" (136).
hill by harbor in Montevideo
site of battle in 1823 in Peru between Spanish and independence forces
site of battle in independence wars in Peru
mountain near Bariloche
park in Mendoza with monument to San Martín and the independence forces
mountain near Bariloche
town in Uruguay
Fishburn and Hughes: "A department in north-east Uruguay near the frontier with Brazil." (43)
mountain near Bariloche
mountain mentioned in Borges-Bioy story
Parodi: "cerro del supuesto terruño de Sampaio" (147).
Uruguayan battlefield
Wolff book, apparently apocryphal
Fishburn and Hughes: "The second of Zeno's paradoxes, illustrating the illusion of movement. Achilles gives the tortoise a start but cannot overtake it. For when he reaches the point from which the tortoise began the tortoise will have moved on, and when he gets to where the tortoise has moved on to it will have moved on once more and so on ad infinitum. This paradox has intrigued philosophers from Descartes to Russell. Borges wrote on the subject (see Other Inq. 109, and TL 43) and alluded to it more than once in his fiction. See 'Ne craignez point, Monsieur, la tortue'." (51)
magazine
Spanish writer, 1547-1616, author of Don Quijote, the Entremeses, the Novelas ejemplares, Persiles y Segismunda, the Galatea and other works
Fishburn and Hughes: "Spain's most celebrated writer, the author of Don Quixote. Cervantes was born in Alcalá de Henares and probably studied at Salamanca. He enlisted in 1570, was wounded at the battle of Lepanto and served in Corfú and Tunis. In 1575 he was captured by pirates and was not ransomed until 1580. He became Commissioner of Provisions for the Armada in Andalusia and later a tax collector. Imprisoned in 1597 for alleged malpractices, he lived in obscurity until, in 1605, he achieved fame as the author of Don Quixote, Part I. In 1606 he followed the court to Madrid, where many of his later poems and stories, including his Novelas Ejemplares (Exemplary Novels), were written. Before his death he took the robe of the Franciscan Tertiaries. Borges claims that the appeal of Don Quixote is based chiefly on Cervantes's ability to introduce fantasy in an apparently realistic narrative. Cervantes, says Borges, has given us a poetic image of seventeenth-century Spain, and though his style of writing does not allow him to introduce supernatural elements he manages to suggest the supernatural in a more subtle, and therefore more effective, way." (43-44)
book by Andalusian priest Sbarbi
bar in Palermo
Parodi: en el barrio de Palermo, en la intersección de Santa Fe y Coronel Díaz, esta empresa estuvo dedicada a la elaboración de cerveza desde 1897 hasta 1977; en ese predio, desde 1990, funciona un centro comercial. En Carriego 110, cuando describe el barrio de Palermo, Borges menciona la cervecería como uno de los lugares distintivos: “el cementerio [de la Recoleta], el hospital Rivadavia, la cárcel, el mercado, el corralón municipal, el presente lavadero de lanas, la cervecería, la quinta de Hale”.
street in Buenos Aires
title used in a general sense
Fishburn and Hughes: "The cognomen of Caius Julius Caesar and hence the title given to Roman emperors. The Caesar referred to is probably Diocletian." (37)
Greek king in the Widsith
Gaius Julius Caesar, Roman emperor, 100-44, author of De Bello Gallico and De Bello Civili
Fishburn and Hughes: "A Roman port in Palestine, the seat of Herod the Great and the site of a Roman massacre of the Jews in 66 AD. In 231 it became the home of Origen. By the fourth century it was a centre of Christianity and later a crusaders' stronghold, destroyed by the Muslims in 1291." (44)
Italian poet and critic, 1730-1808, translator of Ossian and Homer
Town in France. See Sète
Sá-Carneiro poems, 1915
Spanish enclave in northenr Morocco
Street in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Ceylon or Sri Lanka
French painter, 1839-1906
Chinese prince
two-headed monster in China
place in China where the inhabitants have human heads, bat wings and bird's beaks
Taoist monk, 1208-1288, author of A Mission to Heaven: A Great Chinese Epic and Allegory.
master in Zen fable
decisive battle in the independence of Chile, 1817
Fishburn and Hughes: "The sight of a battle fought on 12 February 1817, sixty miles north of Santiago, where San Martín, commanding the Army of the Andes, defeated the Royal forces led by Francisco Marco del Pont, the Governor of Chile. San Martín then acquired a base on the Pacific, from which he later fought for Peru." (44)
town in the province of Buenos Aires
park in Buenos Aires
Parodi: "'en el quiosco del parque Chacabuco': Parque Chacabuco es un barrio del centrosur de la ciudad de Buenos Aires que fue formándose en los alrededores del parque de ese nombre" (270).
street in Buenos Aires
poem by Ricardo Güiraldes
cementery in Buenos Aires and surrounding neighborhood
Fishburn and Hughes: "A district of Buenos Aires with a cemetery of the same name. The cemetery, less imposing than 'La Recoleta', where the élite Argentine families (including Borges's) have their mausolea, was opened during the Yellow Fever epidemic of 1871." (44)
Parodi: "'la fosa común de la Chacarita': con una superficie de 95 hectáreas, es el cementerio más grande de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Como consecuencia de la gran epidemia de fiebre amarilla de 1871, surgió la necesidad de ampliar la capacidad de los cementerios existentes, ya colmados a causa de una anterior peste de cólera. Se destinó al nuevo cementerio un terreno conocido como la Chacarita de los Colegiales (‘chacarita’ es el diminutivo de ‘chacra’ un quechuismo con el significado de ‘granja’). Fue inaugurado en abril de 1871. Hasta 1949 se lo conoció como “Cementerio del Oeste” y desde entonces, como “Cementerio de la Chacarita”. A diferencia del Cementerio de la Recoleta (cf. Modelo v §23), la Chacarita fue desde su origen una institución popular" (309).
football club
Parodi: "'los Millonarios versus Chacarita Juniors': referencia a dos clubes de fútbol de Buenos Aires; ‘los Millonarios’ alude a River Plate, del barrio de Núñez; Chacarita Juniors, del de Villa Crespo" (44).
semi-arid region in Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina
home of Juan Martín de Pueyrredón, the hero of Argentine independence, where José Hernández was born
Argentine monthly magazine published since 1930
Fishburn and Hughes: "An agricultural monthly published in Argentina since November 1930." (44)
Fishburn and Hughes: "A renowned Muslim theologian and scholar, who wrote on Arabic poetry, philology and preIslamic history. In translation, he read Greek sciences and philosphy, specially Aristotle, He spoke about the unequalled magnificence of the Koran, and “its amazing literary configuration.” (44)
Argentine artist, wife of the architect Léon Dourge
Austrian-born artist, 1898-1954, resident in Argentina from 1934 until her death
town in France
Bengali poet and critic, 1901-1986
Joyce poems, 1907
British politician, 1836-1914, dominant figure in the Liberal Party, photographed famously wearing a monocle
Parodi: "“monóculo Chamberlain”: la supuesta marca del monóculo alude a Joseph Chamberlain (1836-1914), político liberal inglés que usaba ese tipo de lente" (99).
biographer of Coleridge, 1866-1956
Noël Bouton, French officer and nobleman, recipient of the Lettres portugaises of Mariana Alcofarado
mountain in the Sierras de Córdoba, 2790 meters
Conrad novel, 1914
British-American novelist and screenwriter (1888-1959). Famous for his detective and crime fiction.
Itinerant astrologer (1821-1903). For some critics he was probably Jack London´s father.
6th century Chinese painter
place in the province of La Pampa
overseer of a ranch in Tordillo, character in Hidalgo's Dialogos patrioticos
French medieval epic poem
Apollinaire poem
Gloria Alcorta poem
Maurice Abramowicz poem translated by Borges, signed with the pseudonym Maurice Claude
French nobleman who was the supposed recipient of Mariana Alcoforado's love letters, the Lettres portugaises, though his name is elsewhere given as Noël Bouton
Hugo book of poems, 1835
French ambassador to Sweden during the reign of Queen Christina, correspondent of Descartes
Fishburn and Hughes: "A French diplomat, ambassador to Sweden and counsellor to Queen Christina. Chanut had a fluent knowledge of Hebrew, classical and modern languages, law, science and philosophy. He was a friend of Descartes, whom he introduced to the queen and with whom he remained in correspondence. The epistle referred to, in Lettres sur la morale, is Descartes's letter to Chanut dated 1 November 1646 describing what savage people think of monkeys: 'They imagine that monkeys could talk, if they so wished, but refrain from doing so for fear of being obliged to work'." (44-45)
English film actor, director, producer and writer, 1889-1977
daughter of Eugene O'Neill, wife of Charlie Chaplin, 1926-91
English playwright, scholar and translator, c. 1559-1634, best known for his translations of Homer
Stevenson essay
Camino book of poems, 1926, which contains the poem "Tango"
Leibniz
Fishburn and Hughes: "Universal characteristic': the subject of numerous articles, memoranda and letters of Leibniz dating from all periods of his working life, including for example 'Elementa characteristicae universalis' (April 1679) in Opuscules et fragments inédits de Leibniz (Paris 1903). The project, anticipated by Wilkins, Dalgarno and Descartes, stemmed from the idea of bringing mathematical methods to bear on every kind of intellectual problem. The universal characteristic was to have been at once an international language, a scientific notation, an instrument of discovery and a method of proof. Leibniz hoped that, by the development of such a characteristic supplanting the symbols of natural language, even moral and metaphysical questions could be worked out 'in much the same way as in geometry and analysis'." (45)
province in Bolivia
street in Buenos Aires, now renamed in part Marcelo T. de Alvear
pseudonym of Jacques Boitelleau, French writer, 1884-1968
Chesterton, 1942
river in Boston and Cambridge
city in North Carolina
street in Buenos Aires
Parodi: "calle que extiende su recorrido por Villa Ortúzar y Villa Urquiza" (49).
section of Berlin around Charlottenburg Palace
city in Virginia where the University of Virginia is located
fourteen year old girl who participated in a school anthology published in Oxford in 1938
Baudelaire poem
cathedral city near Paris
city in province of Buenos Aires
US economist and engineer, 1888-1985, whose writings include topics in general semantics
Buber collection of tales of the Hasidim, 1927
French writer, 1768-1848, author of Atala and Le Genie du Christianisme
English poet and forger, 1752-70
Chesterton, 1932
English poet, c.1340-1400, author of the Canterbury Tales and other works
Hugo poem
street in Buenos Aires
Mallea novel, 1953
Czechoslovakia, now divided in Slovakia and the Czech Republic
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, Russian writer known for his short stories and plays, 1860-1904
English historian, rival of Gibbon
town in Gloucestershire, England
knife-fighter, rival of Ezequiel Tabares
French poet, 1762-94
Buscadores de oro, Pierre Hamp book, 1920
Angelus Silesius collection of some 1600 mystical poems, 1675
county in west central England
city in northern England
name used for Chesterton and Belloc's works in collaboration
English short-story writer, essayist, novelist, poet and journalist, 1874-1936, author of five volumes of Father Brown stories, The Man Who Was Thursday, The Man Who Knew Too Much, biographies of Blake, Dickens, Stevenson, Watts and countless other works
Fishburn and Hughes: "An English critic and novelist, best known today for five collections of short stories featuring the detective Father Brown. Chesterton was attracted to Catholicism early in life and most of his work is inspired by a deep mystical awareness - an astonishment, as Borges has put it, at the paradox of Christianity's attraction and its boundless improbabilities. The Theme of the Traitor and the Hero: Chesterton's constant perception of the uncanny and mysterious, which he illustrates in terms of detective plots, and the elegance and felicity of his reasoning, were qualities much admired by Borges, who claimed to have learnt from Chesterton how to reduce an argument to a geometrical diagram and the idea that the criminal is the creative artist while the detective is only the critic. Though he first proposes a supernatural explanation for his mysteries, Chesterton always returns for the solution to the rational world. Borges, however, who also exploits the tension of the detective plot to illustrate the concatenation of human events and the anxiety of man's metaphysical search, offers no such comfort." (46)
Los caballeros de la Tabla Redonda, Cocteau, 1937
Chinese monster
Parodi: "“su fiasco de Chianti”: ‘fiasco’ designa a la clásica botella de este vino tinto italiano, panzuda y recubierta de paja" (342).
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: "supuesta asociación criminal radicada en Rafaela, ciudad situada a unos 500 km de Buenos Aires, en el centro-oeste de la provincia de Santa Fe. En esa zona se radicaron colonias agrícolas de italianos, principalmente de familias piamontesas" (142).
city in Illinois
Parodi: "“la Chicago argentina”: en la década de 1930 se daba a la ciudad de Rosario, la capital de la provincia de Santa Fe, ubicada a 300 km al noreste de Buenos Aires, el nombre de ‘Chicago argentina’, por comparación con la ciudad norteamericana dominada entonces por Al Capone y su ‘sindicato del crimen’, dedicado a la explotación de la prostitución, el juego ilegal y el tráfico de alcohol. En aquellos años, Rosario era sede y campo de acción de diversos grupos mafiosos (la ‘Mafia Grande’, proveniente de Italia meridional, con las figuras de Chicho Grande y Chicho Chico, y la Zwi Migdal, una sociedad de traficantes de blancas, liderada por judíos polacos (cf. “Amistad §16). En la obra de Bustos y de Suárez Lynch, de la ciudad de Rosario se mencionan: su vinculación con la mafia, el Monumento a la Bandera (cf. “Goliadkin” §12), el Boulevard Oroño (cf. “Amistad” §6), el barrio de Fisherton (cf. “Vilaseco” §1) y la zona de Rosario Norte (cf. “Amistad §16); por otra parte, el primero de los Nuevos cuentos, “Amistad”, editado en 1977, ubica la acción en Rosario, donde Bustos residía transitoriamente. Según la silueta escrita por Badoglio, fue en Rosario donde Bustos publicó parte de su obra temprana y desempeñó los cargos públicos de Inspector de Enseñanza y de Defensor de pobres. Históricamente, el primer nombre de esta ciudad fue ‘Villa del Rosario”; posteriormente se la llamó ‘ciudad del Rosario’ o ‘el Rosario’; de ahí que, en las ocasiones en que mencionan esta ciudad, algunos personajes de Bustos no omitan el artículo, costumbre que también conservaban Borges y Bioy" (16).
Sandburg poem
newspaper in Chicago where Dreiser worked
Lugones poem in Romancero
character in Borges-Levinson story
knife-fighter in Buenos Aires
character in Borges-Levinson story
city and state in northern Mexico
Argentine military officer, executed by Urquiza after the battle of Caseros, 1798-1852
book by Juan Carlos Welker
Stevenson poems for children, 1885
Byron poem
Phillpotts, 1923
Phillpotts, 1898
country in South America
Fishburn and Hughes: "Chile obtained its independence from Spanish colonial rule with the help of General San Martín who, in 1817, crossed the Andes with an army supplied and equipped by the Argentine government. Chile in turn joined forces with San Martín in a military and naval effort to defeat the Spanish army in Peru." (46)
street in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "A street in the southern part of Buenos Aires, intersecting with Tacuarí some ten blocks from Plaza Constitución. Guayaquil: The autobiographical links between the narrator of 'Guayaquil' and Borges are emphasised in a roundabout way. The narrator lives in a street called Chile, Borges lived in a street called Maipú and both names are associated in the Argentine mind, since San Martín's great victory in Chile was the battle of Maipú." (46)
street in Buenos Aires
knife-fighter, character in early Borges story
pass in Alaska near Haines
country, sometimes Tsin, Imperio Central, Celeste Imperio, Sin
Fishburn and Hughes: "China see Germany, Lost Encyclopaedia, Luminous Dynasty, Mongols, Sin." (46)
subject of a story by Ricardo Sangiacomo
Parodi: "“su relato sobre la Condesa de Chinchón”: relato del escritor peruano Ricardo Palma (1833−1919), incluido en sus Tradiciones peruanas. En 1872, Palma publicó “Los polvos de la condesa”, una “crónica de la época del decimocuarto virrey del Perú”, donde narra un acontecimiento en la vida de doña Francisca Henríquez de Ribera, esposa de Luis Jerónimo Fernández de Cabrera Bobadilla y Mendoza, conde de Chinchón y virrey del Perú entre 1629 y 1639. Enferma de fiebres tercianas, doña Francisca estaba desahuciada; el médico de la casa del virrey, un jesuita, le administró un remedio conocido por los indígenas, la corteza del árbol de la quina, que le devolvió la salud. Esos “polvos de los jesuitas”, conocidos luego como “polvos de la condesa”, fueron llevados a Europa. El naturalista sueco Linneo (1707−1778) clasificó a la quinina como Cinchona ledgeriana, perpetuando así el nombre y la historia de la condesa" (84-85).
Maurice Lachin, 1938
Willoughby-Meade, 1928
Lindsay, book of poems, 1917
Queen mystery novel
Hackmann, 1927
Richard Wilhelm, 1924.
Chinese admiral
widow and pirate in Borges story
poem by Héctor Pedro Blomberg
Commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.
Chinese unicorn
English cabinetmaker, 1718-1779
Parodi: "‘Si lo quería de Chippendale’: en la frase está elidida la palabra ‘ataúd’. Chippendale designa un célebre estilo de muebles de lujo creado por el ebanista inglés Thomas Chippendale (1718-1791)" (238-39).
Cyprus
historical figure in a play by Echagüe
Italian painter, 1888-1978
Text written by Laurentino C. Mejías
Argentine sergeant who killed Juan Moreira, appears as a character in Borges stories
Parodi: "la Grapa Chissotti, un popular aguardiente obtenido del orujo de la uva" (229).
Chittaurgh, town in Rajasthan, India
town in the province of Buenos Aires
collection of Alain epigrams
Peruvian poet, 1875-1934, reference here is to the events in Chocano's life after he killed a political enemy Edwin Elmore and had to flee to Chile, where he was himself killed by a lunatic
Angel Villoldo tango, 1905
translator to French of a prayer from Annam
Polish composer, 1810-1849
Chinese dynasty, c. 1027-221 B. C.
French poet, fl. late 12th century, author of Yvain, Lancelot, Perceval and other works
Old English poem in the Exeter Book, attributed to Cynewulf
Old English poem in the Junius Manuscript
Coleridge poem, written 1797-1800, published in 1816
Erfjord
Argentine filmmaker active in Brazil, 1914-1999, director of a controversial adaptation of La intrusa
protagonist of Bunyan's The Pilgrim’s Progress
British detective writer, 1891-1976
Fishburn and Hughes: "An English writer of detective stories with an upper-middle-class background. Her first successful book was Murder at the Vicarage (1930). The intriguing complexity of Agatha Christie's plots, often determined by a highly specific closed world (an island, a ship, an hotel) in which murderer, victim and detective are confined, and her ability to hold suspense and create a final twist are the hallmarks other work. Her most memorable characters are the eccentric Belgian detective Hercule Poirot and the elderly spinster Miss Marple whose acumen exceeds that of many police inspectors." (46)
Julien Green, 1930
Chesterton poem, 1896
Maugham novel, 1939
Stevenson essay in Across the Plains and Ethical Studies
Essay by Léon Bloy, 1890.
Charles Noyes and Edward Ainsworth study, 1943
Geoffrey of Monmouth, see Historia Regum Britanniae
"Holinshed" chronicles of the history of England, Scotland and Ireland by Holinshed, Harrison, Stonyhurst, Campion and others, 1577
Polish historical work of the 13th century
a history of the kingdom of Jerusalem from its foundation to 1229
Peter Chrysologus, saint and doctor of the Church, 406-450
Chinese prince in the Analects of Confucius
Zhuangzi, Chinese Taoist writer, c. 369-c. 286
Giles study, 1889
province in southern Argentina
Parodi: '“El narrador visita en el Chubut a un estanciero inglés, don Guillermo Blake”: la acción de El elegido transcurre en Chubut, una de las provincias de la Patagonia argentina, en la estancia de un inglés, Guillermo Blake" (330).
gaucho soldier in the forces of Lopez Jordan
English religious figure and writer, 1815-90
Fishburn and Hughes: "An English clergyman and writer, Dean of St Paul's from 1871 to 1890. Church was the author of two monographs in the 'English Men of Letters' series, on Bacon and Spenser." (47)
British prime minister, political figure and writer, 1874-1965
French translator
character in Dickens novel
character in Dickens novel The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, 1843
Wu Ch'eng-en, author of classic Chinese novel Journey to the West or Monkey
great mother-goddess of Anatolia
Argentine writer and musician, one of a series of adolescent authors of short stories in an anthology with a Borges preface, 1965, later a composer
Marcus Tullius Cicero, Roman orator and politician, 106-43, author of De divinatione, De natura deorum, De fato, In Pisonem and many other works
Fishburn and Hughes: "A Roman orator, statesman and philosopher whose elegance of language has been a model of Latinity through the ages. Cicero's moral integrity and patriotism in defence of the republic permeate his forensic and political speeches, and his bulky surviving Letters have made him the best-known figure of the ancient world. During the year of his consulship (63 BC) he unmasked Catiline's conspiracy, but when he opposed the triumvirate planned by Julius Caesar, Pompey and Crassus he was forced into exile. On his return, reconciled to the triumvirate, he was made governor of Cilicia. When Caesar broke with Pompey, Cicero joined Pompey's forces; he did not, however, take part in the plot to assassinate Caesar. He also opposed the second triumvirate established by Octavian (Augustus) and wrote his Philippics against Mark Antony in 44-43 BC; after being hounded by Anthony and his vengeful wife Fulvia, he was executed. Cicero is also remembered as the author of treatises popularising Greek philosophy, including the Academica priora and posteriora in which he opposes Stoic and Epicurean views." (47)
the Cyclops, one-eyed monsters of classical myth
Spanish medieval epic poem
Ruy Diaz de Vivar, Spanish hero, 1040-99, subject of El cantar del mio Cid
Eça de Queiroz novel, 1901
René Daumal poems, part of Le Contre-Ciel, 1936
Poem by Hilario Ascasubi
Poem by Hilario Ascasubi
Bartolomé Hidalgo poems
poem by Wilhelm Klemm, from the expressionist magazine Die Aktion, 1918
Chinese monster, a fish with a hundred heads, born of invective
Menéndez y Pelayo anthology, 1910
Chinese monsters of the darkness
According to the Antología de la literatura fantástica and Cuentos breves y extraordinarios tale by Liehtsé.
Short story from Chinese Ghouls and Goblins by G. Willoughby-Meade.
Borges book of poetry, 1981.
Balcarce
Parodi: "“El cigarro” es una canción que el poeta Florencio Balcarce (1818-1839) escribió en Francia, en la localidad de Boulogne-sur-Mer, en una de sus visitas al General San Martín en su lugar de exilio en Francia. En Memorias 13-14, Bioy comenta: “Cuando yo era chico [...] de Florencio Balcarce mi padre me recitaba el un tanto machacón “Cigarro””. En sus conversaciones con Sorrrentino (cf. Siete 146-147), evoca Bioy: “Mientras me preparaban el baño, mi padre me tenía en brazos y me recitaba a Estanislao del Campo, el Martín Fierro y poemas de Ascasubi. […] También “El cigarro”, de Florencio Balcarce”" (302).
Ferber novel, 1936
Valéry poem, 1920
Fishburn and Hughes: "A long meditative poem in decasyllabics on the theme of death by Paul Valéry, first published in NRF (no. 81) in June 1920 and later, with slight variations, in August 1920. The cemetery referred to is that of Sète, where the author was eventually buried. The 'transposition' of the poem 'into alexandrines' may be a humorous allusion to the 'Essai de traduction en vers français' by a certain Colonel Godchot, translator of Virgil and director of the literary periodical Ma Revue. To Godchot's attack on the innovative language and style of his poem, Valéry mockingly responded by thanking him for a translation which clarified the text, adding that it could not have been too obscure if he had been able to paraphrase it. Colonel Godchot was gratified, nevertheless, and both versions of the poem appeared together in Ma Revue in July 1930. On the other hand, Borges may have remembered that Valéry himself was not averse to transposing poems into a different metre and had proposed to change the versification of Baudelaire's 'Invitation au Voyage' by lengthening the heptasyllable following each couplet of pentasyllables into an octosyllable (see Jean Provost, Baudelaire, Paris 1953, 329)." (47)
intersection in Buenos Aires
Parodi: "“el almacén de las Cinco Esquinas”: un comercio con anexo de bar ubicado en el cruce de las calles Juncal, Libertad y la Avenida Quintana, en el barrio de la Recoleta, apenas a una cuadra de la calle Parera. En esa intersección, en lugar de las cuatro esquinas habituales en la ciudad-tablero que es Buenos Aires, había cinco. Bioy y Borges fueron vecinos de la zona: la casa de los padres de Bioy estaba en la Quintana 174, a pocos metros de las Cinco Esquinas, y allí vivió Bioy hasta 1940; entre 1924 y 1938, Borges vivió con sus padres en Quintana 222. Para ‘almacén’, cf. “Doce” i §18" (304).
Swiss writer, 1883-1954
Paris restaurant in Bustos Domecq story
Sintra, town in Portugal
Argentine who wrote on various topics, from Argentine history to law to the use of the comma, as well as the book of poems Latidos de esperanza
sorceress in Greek myth
Family Circus lead by José Juan Podestá
Murena’s book of poetry, 1958.
boxing club in Bustos Domecq stories
Carlos Grünberg poem
Warren collection of stories, 1947
Chaplin film, 1928
Spanish ultraist poet, 1901-1924, died of typhus
Cyril of Jerusalem, bishop and orator, c. 315-386, author of twenty-four catechetical lectures
Cyrus, Persian king, ruled 559-529
Marino and Cruz tango, 1926
Parodi: "“El ciruja”: tango estrenado en 1926, con música de Ernesto de la Cruz y letra de Alfredo Marino. El término ‘ciruja’, de etimología incierta, alude al vagabundo, y a la persona que recorre y hurga en los basurales o calles en busca de desperdicios aprovechables" (350).
Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros, 1755-1829, last viceroy of the Virreinato del Río de la Plata
Welles film, 1941
D'Annunzio, 1898
town near La Plata in the province of Buenos Aires
Parodi: "una localidad próxima a la ciudad de La Plata (cf. “Testigo” §8)" (93).
Chaplin film, 1931
Fishburn and Hughes: "A tale from the Thousand and One Nights, whose theme is the universal triumph of death. Viewed by Amir Musa from the top of a mountain, the city appears to have no human beings in it, only bronze statues and vampires. Bronze columns, tombs, domes and sepulchral inscriptions are the dominant images, and the narrative concludes with the lament: 'Why is man born if he must die?' In an annotation to his translation of the Thousand and One Nights, Lane explains that the city's image was associated in the Arab mind with that of temples, statues and tombs in Egypt. The story of the city of bronze follows that of Sinbad the Sailor." (47)
Burton travel book, 1861
poem by Werner Hahn, 1918
Baldomero Fernández Moreno’s book of poems, 1917
city in the Arabian Nights
in Borges story
Cape Town, South Africa
Mallea book of novellas, 1936
old section of Montevideo, Uruguay
Bustos Domecq, 1915
Buenos Aires suburb
Parodi: 1) "“sofismas de Ciudadela y de San Fernando”: dos elegantes zonas residenciales, ubicadas respectivamente al oeste y al este de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, que se oponen aquí a la sureña Avellaneda, industrial y popular" (99).
2) "“en camiones idénticos procedían de Fiorito y de Villa Domínico, de Ciudadela, de Villa Luro, de La Paternal”: Villa Fiorito y Villa Domínico, dos localidades ubicadas al sur de la ciudad de Buenos Aires; Ciudadela, al oeste; Villa Luro, al norte; La Paternal y Villa Crespo, dos barrios de la zona central de la ciudad" (361) .
Thoreau essay, 1849
Stein, 1962
Fishburn and Hughes: "The City of God: St Augustine's main theological work. Written between 413 and 425, it consists of 22 books in which Christianity is presented as a growing civic system in the face ofthe decaying Roman Empire. With reference to the belief that events recur 'at the centuries' end', Borges has observed that several chapters of book 12 of Civitas Dei try to refute the theory of cyclical time. The controversial passage which was read as if propounding, rather than refuting, this theory occurs at the end of chapter 14, where Augustine refers to Solomon's observation that 'there is no new thing under the sun' (Ecclesiastes 1:10). Augustine, however, explains that these words do not mean, as has been said, that Plato will come back 'at long but fixed intervals' to teach 'in the same city, in the same Academy and to the same students'. Such a doctrine would be totally against the Christian faith, for once 'Christ dies for our sins.. .he dieth no more'. The chapter ends with a quotation from the Psalms condemning outright anyone who believes in cyclical return: 'The wicked walk in a circle' (12:8). The reference to Augustine's statement that 'Jesus is the straight path' paraphrases another passage in the same chapter in which he condemns the 'false, circuitous ways' of 'treacherous and false teachers' and invites Christians not to stray from the right path but to follow the true doctrine (bk. 12, ch.14, para. 1)." (48)
character in Collins's The Moonstone
French film director, 1898-1981
Work by Villiers de l'Isle Adam, 1867.
character in Borges story, Avelino Arredondo's fiancée
leftist publisher and magazine, important to the Boedo group
mass circulation daily newspaper in Buenos Aires, founded in 1945 by Roberto Noble
Silva Valdés poem in Poemas nativos
character in Hudson's Purple Land
coastal town in southern part of province of Buenos Aires, between Necochea and Bahía Blanca
Parodi: "balneario de la ciudad de Tres Arroyos, en la costa atlántica de la provincia de Buenos Aires" (314).
Barbusse, 1919
series of great books published by W. W. Jackson in Buenos Aires in the 1940's, for which Borges wrote a preface to Dante
pseudonym of Maurice Abramowicz
French poet, dramatist and diplomat, 1868-1955
Claudius Claudianus, Alexandrian-Greek writer, d. 404, author of Latin panegyrics, invectives, epistyles, epigrams and an unfinished epic
Tiberius Claudius, Roman emperor, 10-54
Claudius, character in Shakespeare play Hamlet
Prussian general and writer, 1780-1831, author of Vom Kriege and other works
Fishburn and Hughes: "A German military historian whose theories on military strategy were highly influential, especially in the Prussian army. Clausewitz entered the Tsar's service in 1812 when Napoleon invaded Russia, and distinguished himself both for his courage and for the advice he gave the Russians on the retreat from Moscow which led to the defeat of the French. Most of the military theories expounded in his book On War (which appeared in English in 1873) are based on the campaigns of Frederick the Great and Napoleon. 'War is nothing but the continuation of political intercourse with the admixture of different means.'" (48).
Russian princess turned madam, character in Bustos Domecq and Suarez Lynch stories, later married to Gervasio Montenegro
Parodi:" supuesta princesa y amante de Goliadkin en Rusia; propietaria de un burdel en Avellaneda; casada con su socio, Gervasio Montenegro, Clavdia Fiodorovna es personaje en “Goliadkin”, se la menciona en “Toros”, “Sangiácomo”, “Tai An”, y reaparece como personaje en Modelo" (59).
supposed Borges work, 1975
Ruiz
Parodi: "título de un folleto que da origen a la confusión ocasionada por el múltiple significado del término ‘jordanismo’" (418).
Santiago Ginzberg book of poems, 1923
character in Borges story, soldier
series of novels by Arnold Bennett about the Clayhanger family, 1910-1918
English writer (1891-1961) , author of works such as Knight of the Knuckles (1940) and Sporting Rhapsody (1951) among others.
French political figure, 1841-1929, prime minister from 1906 to 1909 and from 1917 to 1920
Clement of Alexandria or Titus Flavius Clemens, Christian theologian and writer, c. 150-c. 200, author of the Protrepticus, Stromata and other works
Argentine librarian, b. 1918, editor of Borges's works in the 1950s, author of the Estética del lector and other works
housekeeper in Bustos Domecq story
Fishburn and Hughes: "A sixteenth-century baroque building in Prague, formerly a Jesuit college but now part of the university, renowned for its magnificent library. Kepler used the tower for his astronomical observations." (48)
Poe's cousin and wife, 1822-46
Cleopatra VII Thea Philopater, Egyptian queen, 69-30 BC
novel by French author Roman Rolland, 1920
illustrator of the 1894 edition of the Martin Fierro
US city in the state of Ohio
northern suburb of Paris
character in Corneille's L'Illusion comique
Ipuche poems
British statesman and general, 1725-1774, founder of the empire of British India
museum of medieval art in New York, part of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
character in H. G. Wells's Brynhild
French revolutionary politician of Prussian origin, 1755-1794, author of Adresse d'un Prussien à un Anglais, L'Orateur du genre humain and La République universelle
Work by American writer Thomas Bailey Aldrich (1836-1907) published in 1884.
princess of Burgundy and Frankish queen, wife of Clovis, married in 493
English poet, 1819-61, author of The Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich, Dipsychus, Amours de Voyage and Mari Magno
Frankish king, c. 466-511, also Chlodwig, Ludovico, Luis
Cummings poem, 1931
Parodi: "el “club k.d.t.”: el Club Kilómetro, Distancia, Tiempo, una asociación deportiva con sede en el predio de Palermo, incluía un circuito de ciclismo y la práctica de varios otros deportes. Desde niño, Bioy fue asiduo asistente al “club de chicos k.d.t” (Memorias 27; 195) y miembro del equipo de fútbol de esa institución (Descanso 240). Todavía en vida de Bioy, el k.d.t dejó de ser un club para socios y se convirtió en un parque deportivo municipal abierto al público" (211).
nightclub in Bustos Domecq story
Nigel Morland crime novel, 1936
supposed work by Nahum Cordovero on the immortals, 1948
Fishburn and Hughes: "see Nahum Cordovero." (48)
Argentine writer and journalist
Fishburn and Hughes: "A nation state formerly in the presidency of Madras in south-west India. Today the Jewish community is divided into three groups - White Jews, Black Jews and Freedmen - who are influenced by the caste system of the area and do not intermarry." (48)
British officer and political figure, 1775-1860, admiral in Royal Navy and then later officer with rebels in Brazil, Chile and Greece
Excerpt from Le cornet à dés by Max Jacob.
Elmer Rice play, 1928
Menén Desleal story
town in the Sierras de Córdoba
French poet, novelist and dramatist, 1889-1963, author of La Machine infernale, Les Parents terribles and numerous other works
Fernand Crommelynck play, 1921
Santiago Ginzberg posthumous book
the manuscript of the Elder Edda in the Royal Library in Copenhagen
Gothic Bible manuscript in Upsala
personification of envy
district attorney in Necochea, character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: "“el doctor Codovilla”: el supuesto fiscal, comparte el apellido con un célebre personaje de la política argentina: Victorio Codovilla (1894-1970) el principal dirigente del Partido Comunista argentino desde los años treinta hasta su muerte" (315).
town near Buenos Aires
text by Maurice Abramowicz
Northumbrian pagan priest mentioned in Bede's history
university city in northern Portugal
French literary figure, 1892-1990, translator of Faulkner, Faulkner, Capote and a variety of other English-language authors, and also of Spanish writers including Valle-Inclán, Delibes and Sánchez Ferlosio
US film actress, born in France, 1905-1996
a volume published by an association of Borges's readers, 1985, with a Borges preface
school in Buenos Aires where students wrote stories for the anthology Cuentos originales
medieval Irish organization of poets
Royal College of Heraldry
selective high school in downtown Buenos Aires
Pierre Dominique novel, 1938
English poet and philosopher, 1772-1834, author of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Dejection, Christabel, the Biographia Literaria and numerous other works
pseudonym of French writer Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette, 1873-1954
Emilio Oribe book of poems
Argentine Indian chief, 1786-1871, colonel in the Argentine army, known as "el amigo indio de Los Toldos"
Parodi: "los cuatro pseudónimos que elige Frogman como redactor de El Malón corresponden a nombres de caciques indígenas del actual territorio argentino. Ignacio Coliqueo (1786-1871) fue cacique mapuche y coronel en el Ejército Argentino; conocido como ‘El amigo indio de Los Toldos’ porque fue en esa localidad de la provincia de Buenos Aires donde se instalaron los mapuches conducidos desde el sur de Chile por Coliqueo" (176).
Buenos Aires theater
Chesterton, 1927.
Tagore collection, 1936
Italian condottiero, 1400-1475, known for his elaborate mortuary chapel
French scholar, co-editor with Tonnelat of an edition of the Nibelungenlied in 1944
an imprint of British book publishers William Collins
Parodi: "“el incorruptible Crime Club”: el Collins Crime Club inició en 1930 la edición de novelas policiales y durante más de sesenta años mantuvo un alto nivel de calidad en los títulos seleccionados, llegando a contar con 25.000 suscriptores. Suspendió las ediciones en 1994" (24).
English novelist, 1824-89, author of The Moonstone and The Woman in White
Fishburn and Hughes: "An English novelist, known as the father of the detective story for his mastery of suspense and involved plots. Collins's fame was established by The Woman in White (1860), an intricate work employing for the first time the technique of different characters telling the story from their point of view." (49)
English landscape and genre painter (1788-1847). Father of the writer Wilkie Collins.
philanthropist
country
stock role in the commedia dell' arte, maid of the Innamorata and beloved of the Harlequin
Argentine neo-idealist artist, character in Bustos Domecq story
Cristoforo Colombo, Italian explorer, c. 1446-1506
La hija del coronel, Aldington novel, 1931
city in Uruguay
Mantiq-al-Tayr, Persian mystical poem by Farid ud-din Attar, sometimes called Asamblea de los pájaros
Cervantes exemplary novel
Countée Cullen, 1925
Lovecraft story, 1927
ranch in Borges story "La forma de la espada"
state in United States
Fishburn and Hughes: "One of the two traditional political parties in Uruguay, opposed to the Blancos. The Colorados, originally the followers of Fructuoso Rivera, were so called from the red bands they used to distinguish them from their enemies at the battle of Carpentería (1836). Colorado policy was to encourage social and economic innovation, and to improve the status of Italian and Central European immigrants relative to that of Spanish immigrants. In Argentina Rosas's followers were also known as 'Colorados', but in this context the name is a pun on the protagonists' red hair, as the translation makes clear." (49)
Parodi: "“block Coloso”: un conjunto de hojas papel, en blanco, en este caso, de la conocida marca comercial ‘Coloso’" (381).
tailor shop in Buenos Aires whose name refers to one of the wonders of the ancient world
Henry Miller book of travels in Greece, 1941
kingdom in the Caucasus, described by Herodotus
Parodi: "alusión a un revólver creado en 1936 por la fábrica de ese nombre, el primero producido en cadena y con piezas intercambiables. Aquí se emplea como sinónimo de revólver" (353).
Argentine writer, 1912-2005, author of the Diccionario folklórico argentino, 1948, and other works on folklore and language
Irish writer, 1881-1972
Argentine cartoonist, 1891-1956, who worked at the Argentine Senate as a tachigrapher
one-volume encyclopedia edited by Clarke F. Ansley, 1935
in New York
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella, Latin writer on agriculture, author of De Re Rustica, written c. 60-66
Pillars of Hercules, mountains on either side of the Strait of Gibraltar
English critic and writer, 1845-1927
imaginary film of the Crucifixion set in the Argentine pampa, with the local comandante as Pontius Pilate
Ferber novel, 1935
Capek
Czech writer (1592-1670)
Julius Caesar, see De Bello Gallico
Fishburn and Hughes: "see Julius Caesar." (49)
St. Jerome
newspaper
Spanish ultraísta poet, later a translator
En seguida, señor, Dave Marlowe, 1937
Parodi: "el local de un partido político, donde se desarrollan actividades de información, de instrucción y de propaganda" (353).
Robert Graves, 1949
Wells, 1940
In the Antología de la literatura fantástica title given to a fragment of the fifth book of Pantagruel.
survey in El Hogar to which Borges responded in 1958
poem from Nydia Lamarque’s book Telarañas, 1925
verses by Góngora from his "De los que censuraron su Polifemo," 1615
survey in El Hogar to which Borges responded in 1956
Poem by Manuel Pinedo (Jorge Luis Borges's Pseudonym).
Poem by Ezequiel Martínez Estrada
Poem written by Fernán Silva Valdes.
Sonnet by Manuel Gil de Oto (Also Know As. Miguel Toledano de Escalante)
Fishburn and Hughes: "An Argentine term usually applied to a city swaggerer, a boaster, a show-off; also a low-lifer, a ruffian, a trouble-maker. A ‘tough guy’." (49)
Borges-Bullrich anthology, 1945, with a second edition in 1968
Poem written by Jorge Luis Borges.
poem from Baldomero Fernández Moreno’s book Aldea española, 1925
Rashid ad-Din's history of the Mongols, including also summaries of the history of India, China and Europe
Izaak Walton, 1653, with later revised editions
Sandburg
Whitman
18th century Spanish periodical
family, characters in Faulkner novels
French philosopher, 1798-1857
Pérez Zelaschi, short stories.
Pérez Zelaschi, short stories.
Lima book of costumbrista sketches, 1908
English writer, 1859-1930, author of numerous stories about Sherlock Holmes as well as The Lost World, a History of Spiritualism and other works
street in Buenos Aires
city in the province of Entre Rios, Argentina
church and neighborhood in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "The Zahir: refers to an imposing church in Buenos Aires in Barrio Sur, in the proximity of Plaza Constitución. The Aleph: there are several parishes of this name in Buenos Aires, but the one referred to is probably that of the church mentioned above." (49)
Borges speech on being admitted to the Academia Argentina de Letras, 1962
Hall, 1960 and earlier editions
George Sampson, 1941
Zoega, 1910
town in Massachusetts
collection of fables by don Juan Manuel, completed in 1335
Parodi: "el conjunto de narraciones didácticas y ejemplarizantes Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio fue escrito entre 1330 y 1335 por el infante don Juan Manuel (1282-1348), uno de los principales representantes de la prosa medieval en castellano. Los cuentos, narrados en un diálogo entre Lucanor y su consejero Patronio, proceden de diversas fuentes literarias" (265).
Spanish historian, 1765-1820, author of Historia de la dominación de los árabes en España
Louis II , prince of Condé, 1621-86
French nobleman who was a patron of philosophers
French philosopher, 1715-80, author of Essai sur l'origine des conaissances humaines, Traité des systemes, Traité des sensations and other works
La condición humana, Malraux novel, 1933
French mathematician and philosopher, 1743-94, author of Tableau historique des progrès de l'esprit humain
Fishburn and Hughes: "A French philosopher and mathematician, a supporter of Voltaire and the Enlightenment. During the Revolution Condorcet became an active member of the Girondist faction. He was imprisoned on 7 April 1794 and found dead the next day. Condorcet wrote various essays on probability, but his most interesting work is his Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind (translated into English in 1955). Condorcet's sketch develops the theory that humanity has reached the ninth stage in its sociological progress, starting from a condition of total savagery and moving towards complete enlightenment which will be fully achieved in the tenth stage. Condorcet specifies that throughout these stages certain characteristics will reappear." (49)
Confederacy, the slave states during the U. S. Civil War, sometimes called "estados del Sur"
Argentine confederation, the Federalist system of government in Argentina at the time of Rosas
Switzerland
Manuel Peyrou, Short story.
Musset, 1836
St. Augustine's spiritual autobiography
Taylor novel of India, 1839
Fishburn and Hughes: "A celebrated Chinese philosopher and moral teacher. Confucianism is a secular faith based on lofty ideals of goodness, justice, filial devotion and other virtues derived from the contemplation of man in society. Anyone who lives according to Confucian principles is carrying out the will of God and contributing to social harmony. The editing of the Lî Kî, or Book of Rites, has been mistakenly attributed to Confucius." (50)
Shand poem, 1947
De Quincey autobiographical work, 1822 and 1856
Graham Greene, novel, 1939.
Sá Carneiro novel, 1914
Almafuerte poem, 1904
traditional cafe in the Núñez neighborhood of Buenos Aires
traditional Buenos Aires cafe, now gone, at the corner of Rivadavia and Esmeralda
cafe in Buenos Aires across the street from the Congress building
Parodi: "la ‘barra’ alude a un grupo de amigos (cf. “Doce” i §5) que, en este caso, suelen reunirse en la Confitería del Molino, ubicada frente al Congreso Nacional, en la intersección de las avenidas Callao y Rivadavia. De enorme valor arquitectónico, ha sido probablemente la confitería más elegante de la ciudad y durante gran parte de su historia fue el lugar de reunión de la alta burguesía porteña. Desde 1850 funcionó en un local de menores dimensiones con el nombre de “Antigua Confitería del Molino”. El actual edificio, de estilo art-nouveau, testimonio de la belle époque de Buenos Aires, se inauguró en 1917. Después de casi 150 años de actividad cerró sus puertas en 1997. El edificio se fue deteriorando sin que surgieran proyectos para recuperarlo. Finalmente, en 2014, el Parlamento lo declaró de utilidad pública por su valor histórico y cultural, decidió su expropiación y aprobó el proyecto de restaurarlo, reabrirlo como confitería y dedicar los pisos superiores a actividades culturales" (346-47).
Katibi of Nishapur's Majma'-ulbahrain or Confluence of the Two Seas
Work by Herbert Allen Gilles, 1915.
Confucius or Kung Fu-tzu, Chinese philosopher and politician, 551-479 B.C., author of the Annals of Lu, Spring and Autumn, and the Analects
river and two countries in west Africa
Belgian Congo, colonial name for what is now Zaire
solecism for Belgian Congo
congress building in Buenos Aires
secret world congress in Borges story
Uruguayan congress
Bustos Domecq text, no doubt celebrating the Congreso Eucarístico Internacional of 1934
Fishburn and Hughes: "Possible wordplay on Congreso Eucarístico, an international Congress which in 1934 was held in Buenos Aires." (88)
Parodi:" el tema de esta obra de Bustos autoriza a fecharla hacia 1934, año en que se realizó en la Argentina el único Congreso Eucarístico Internacional celebrado en el país, durante la llamada “Década infame”, cuando era Presidente Agustín P. Justo (1932−1938) (cf. infra §13). A los diferentes actos realizados en Buenos Aires, entre otras personalidades de la Iglesia católica y de la diplomacia internacional asistieron, como Delegado Pontificio el entonces Cardenal Eugenio Pacelli (1876−1958), futuro Papa Pío XII (1939−1958), y Don Orione (Luigi Orione, 1872−1940, canonizado en 2004), sacerdote fundador de la congregación religiosa “Pequeña Obra de la Divina Providencia” (cf. Modelo ii §34). El Congreso Eucarístico también es mencionado en “Doce” i §14; “Toros” i §2; “Sangiácomo” i §5; “Signo” §4" (18).
Borges story
Argentine historian, 1886-1943, author of El gaucho
story from Eduardo González Lanuza´s book Aquelarre
Borges book of poetry and short prose, 1985
El prestidigitador, Walpole story, 1938
Irish king, d. 157 A.D.
Irish king, father of Conn
French magazine in the early twentieth century
Connacht, four county region in western Ireland that includes the cities of Galway and Sligo
Fishburn and Hughes: "A province in the west of Ireland which includes the five counties of Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon and Sligo. Connaught was an ancient kingdom which, as told in the Irish epics (see Celtic literature), was for long at war with the kingdom of Ulster. In June 1920 it was the scene of a rebellion against the Black and Tans. Fourteen of the protesters were sentenced to death by court martial, but thirteen were reprieved." (50)
state in United States
US playwright, 1890-1980, author of The Green Pastures
pseudonym of British chemist, 1880-1947, used to sign his crime fiction
pseudonym of Charles Gordon
literary review founded by Pierre Louys, ran for eleven issues in 1891, with contributions by Valery, Gide and others; Pierre Menard published two versions of the same sonnet here in 1899, eight years after the magazine disappeared
Fishburn and Hughes: "A literary review published in Paris from March 1891 to January 1892, also known as Anthologie des plus jeunes poètes. The issues of March and October 1899 must be fictitious." (50)
Los conquistadores, Malraux novel, 1928
Prescott history, 1843
Prescott history, 1847
Polish-English novelist, born Teodor Josef Konrad Korzeniowski, 1857-1924, author of Victory, Chance, Lord Jim, Heart of Darkness, Youth, The Shadow-Line, The Nigger of the "Narcissus," The Secret Agent and numerous other works
Fishburn and Hughes: "see José Korzeniovski" (50)
Konrad, German priest and writer, translator of the Chanson de Roland
Antonio Vicente Mendes Maciel, Brazilian messianic leader, d. 1897.
English painter, 1776-1837
novel by Mae West
Constantine the Great, Flavius Valerius Constantinus, Roman emperor, 288?-337
Constantinople or Istanbul, capital of Turkey, sometimes Estambul, Miklagard, Bizancio
Fishburn and Hughes: "The former capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires, now Istanbul. In 553 Constantinople was the seat of a second Council which, among other dogmas, declared the divinity of Jesus and pronounced anathemas against all who opposed this creed." (50)
Konstanz or Constance, city in Germany near Swiss border
train station in Buenos Aires and the surrounding neighborhood
Fishburn and Hughes: "The South: the main terminal of the Southern Railways, now known as Ferrocarril Nacional General Roca. The Aleph: also a bustling square on the southern side of Buenos Aires (Barrio Sur) which used to be the older, more traditional part of the city. The criollo élite once lived in the vicinity of Constitución, but after the Yellow Fever epidemic of 1871 they gradually moved to the higher northern areas. Its connotation in 'The Aleph' may be intended as ironic, for at the time of the story Constitución had become a somewhat dilapidated neighbourhood, inhabited largely by poorer families." (50)
Parodi: 1) "“el bar de Constitución”: referencia a la suntuosa confitería y restaurante construida en 1907 que funcionaba en el hall central de la Estación Plaza Constitución, una de las cuatro terminales ferroviarias de Buenos Aires. Situada al sur de la ciudad, Plaza Constitución (llamada habitualmente ‘Plaza’) es cabecera del Ferrocarril General Roca, que presta servicios a localidades suburbanas del sur de la ciudad. Hasta los años noventa, el Roca contaba con líneas de larga distancia hacia las ciudades y pueblos del sur del país que, en su mayor parte, fueron suprimidas. La Estación Constitución fue inaugurada en 1887; el primer edificio, de características victorianas, fue diseñado por arquitectos ingleses; ampliado posteriormente según las reglas del clasicismo francés, el edificio definitivo, donde se encontraba la mencionada confitería, exhibe un notable parecido con la arquitectura del castillo de Maisons Laffitte, construido en un suburbio de París entre 1630 y 1651. También se da el nombre de Constitución al barrio aledaño a la estación. De la confitería dice Miguel de Torre hablando de su tío, Borges: “Para comer me llevaba […] a los irrecuperables salones británicos de las estaciones de Constitución, Once y Retiro” (233) " (155-56).
2) "Ubalde considera que el edificio de las termas de Aix-les-Bains es un duplicado de la Estación Constitución (cf. “Signo” §7)" (346).
Argentine constitution
Muñagorri maid, character in Bustos Domecq story
quotation from Hamlet III.i
site of battle in medieval Ireland
Hugo collection of poems, 2 vols., 1856
Fishburn and Hughes: "'While loving us, he despised his dear parents', the Latin epitaph inscribed by the people of Ravenna on the tomb of Droctulft. The epitaph is quoted in full by Paul the Deacon in his Acts of the Lombards (3.19) and by Benedetto Croce in La Poesia. See 'Terribilis visu facies...'" (51)
Collection of short stories and nouvelles by Villiers de l'Isle Adam, 1883.
Collection of short stories by Guy de Maupassant (1885).
Lucian dialogue
René Daumal poems, 1936
gaucho, character in Hidalgo poems
Toulet posthumous book of poems, 1921
Argentine tango composer and dramatist, 1888-1932, author of Mi noche triste, Bandaneón arrabalero and many other works
Mentiras convencionales de la civilización, Nordau, 1893
old monastery near Rosario, site of an early independence battle
Hovory s T. G. Masarykem, Capek's interviews with the president of Czechoslovakia, 1928-1935
Belloc, 1928
title of illustrated edition of Mir Bahadur Ali's The Approach to Al'Mu'tasim, subtitled A Game with Shifting Mirrors
Dante series of philosophical treatises, c. 1304-1308
character in Priestley novel
character in Priestley novel
Anglo-German scholar, 1904-1979, author of Buddhism, Its Essence and Development and The Buddha's Law among the Birds
Sandburg poem, 1915
US president, 1872-1933
US film actor, 1901-1961
US novelist, 1789-1851, author of The Prairie, The Last of the Mohicans, The Spy and other works
Lugones poem published in La Nación in 1935, included in section of Poesías diversas of his Obras poéticas completas
Lugones eclogue in Lunario sentimental
neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro
Copenhagen, capital of Denmark
Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer, 1473-1543, author of De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
Manrique poem, 1476
Poem by Hilario Ascasubi
English writer, 1878-1957
Cullen book of poems, 1927
Argentine photographer and filmmaker, b. 1906, known for his photographs of Buenos Aires, including two that served as illustrations for the first edition of Evaristo Carriego
Hylton Cleaver, short story.
Vlady Kocianich novel, 1969
French poet, 1845-1874, author of Gens de mer
Corsica, French island in the Mediterranean
French woman, 1768-1793, murderer of Marat
Ipuche poem
section of Van Loon's The Arts, which uses a geological metaphor to map the greatness of artists
street in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "One of the main thoroughfares of northern Buenos Aires, containing the Biblioteca de la Municipalidad." (51)
city in Argentina, capital of the province of Córdoba
city in southern Spain
Fishburn and Hughes: "A city on the river Guadalquivir in southern Spain. From the seventh to the twelfth century it was the capital of the caliphate in Spain and the most important centre of Moslem culture in the West. In power and prestige it rivalled, and eventually surpassed, Baghdad and Damascus. Contemporary Arab writers praised the city's splendour, its magnificent palaces, mansions, gardens and fountains, its 700 mosques and 900 public baths and, above all, its splendid mezquita, the largest mosque in western Islam, 'a dream of light, grace and colour'. In the great days of the caliphate Cordoba epitomised Islam's conception of a life to come in a heaven of 'gardens with lofty apartments, beneath which the rivers flow'. Averroes was born in Cordoba, and spent much of his life there as physician and qadi (judge)." (51)
Argentine province
abbot of Rute, early defender of Góngora
Argentine writer of detective fiction under the pseudonym Jacinto Amenabar, author of El crimen de la noche de bodas
Parodi:" “diario de Cordone”: Noticias Gráficas, un vespertino de distribución nacional, fundado en 1931 por Jorge Mitre, director de La Nación, como “Diario independiente de la tarde”. Su intención era captar el público lector del diario Crítica, que había sido clausurado por el gobierno del General Uriburu. Alberto Cordone, director del vespertino Jornada y ex secretario de redacción de Crítica, abandonó este último diario y pasó a Noticias Gráficas, del que fue director hasta 1937. Noticias mantuvo el formato de Crítica e incorporó a algunos de sus periodistas más importantes; también reproducía el estilo de Crítica, pero no su posición política: distanciándose del oficialismo de Crítica, Noticias adoptó un “izquierdismo progresista” crítico frente al gobierno del Gral. Justo (cf. Saítta 21−22). Sobre la actividad de Cordone como escritor de policiales, cf. “Palabra” §8" (40).
Argentine poet, journalist and art critic, 1901-1975
author of The Coat of Many Colours
Fishburn and Hughes: "A fictional character with biblical and historical associations. Nahum, which in Hebrew means 'comfort' or 'source of comfort', is one of the twelve minor prophets of the Old Testament. Cordovero (Moses ben Jacob), who lived in Safed, a centre of Cabbalism in the seventeenth century, was held to be the greatest theoretician of Jewish mysticism (see G. Scholem, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism, NY 1961, 252). His teachings, which exerted a marked influence on his contemporary Isaac Luria, dealt with questions of immortality and the transmigration of souls. A Coat of Many Colours, the title of Nahum Cordovero's fictional text, refers to the longsleeved coat given by Jacob to Joseph, his favourite son (Gen. 37:3). Its some hundred pages suggest that it is itself a cento (cien), a work made up of quotations and fragments of other works." (51-52)
pseud. of Mary Mackay, English novelist, 1864-1924
Epistle from Paul to the Corinthians, in the New Testament
Fishburn and Hughes: "Two epistles by St Paul addressed to the Christians in Corinth. In the first, written in Ephesus in 57, Paul emphasises the unity of all Christians in Christ and answers questions on specific points of behaviour. All the following quotations are taken from I Corinthians. Three Versions of Judas: 'He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord' is the concluding verse of the first chapter. Particular relevance to Judas's abasement may be found in the preceding passages: 'God has chosen the foolish things of this world to confound the wise'(1:27) and 'that no flesh should glory in his presence'(1:29). 'The Theologians: ‘For we now see through a glass darkly': the 'perversion' of taking this famous apocalyptic quotation as proof that 'everything we see is false' is explained by its context. Now our heavenly vision is limited and obscured, whereas 'when that which is perfect is come' it will be complete. A Biography of Tadeo Isidoro Cruz: 'All things to all men.' This quotation, used to summarise different readers' attitudes to Martín Fierro, has a more didactic meaning in its own context. The complete verse reads: 'To the weak became I as weak, that I might gain the weak: I am made all things to all men, that I might by all means save some'(9:22). The same verse is alluded to as a definition of the Cult of the Phoenix CF 172." (52)
Corinth, city in Greece
Gnaeus Marcius Coriolanus, legendary Roman general, d. c. 490 B. C., subject of a play by Shakespeare
Shakespeare play, c. 1608
city in Ireland
French playwright, 1606-1684, author of Le Cid, L'Illusion comique and other works
Spanish playwright, author of A buen toro mejor buey
Max Jacob, 1916.
region of western England
region on North Island of New Zealand
Collection of poems written by different poets, 1849.
Saavedra Fajardo historical essay, 1646
Argentine poet and dramatist. (1850-1919)
avenue in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "Avenida Coronel Díaz: a street in the centre of Buenos Aires, near Palermo, which used to be one of the few paved roads in the area." (52)
Borges great-grandfather: see Suárez, Isidoro
Corona, Manuel Komroff novel, 1930
French painter, 1796-1875
Parodi:" “escalé un micro de la Corporación, formato, gigante”: en Borges 1135, Bioy y Borges lamentan el empleo de ciertas palabras, como ‘micro’, en lugar de ‘colectivo’: “El afán de cambiar altera aun las palabras nuevas: ya no se dice colectivo, sino micro (colectivo es un regalo, generalmente de casamiento).” El término ‘colectivo’ designa un vehículo de tamaño menor que el ómnibus, destinado al transporte urbano de pasajeros; por su parte, ‘micro’ se emplea para el ómnibus colectivo de media o larga distancia. La ‘Corporación’ alude a una institución estatal (la Corporación de Transportes de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires) que entró en funciones en 1939 con la tarea de consolidar las empresas de tranvías, ómnibus, colectivos y subterráneos. Sobre estas instituciones estatales, cf. “Fiesta” §11" (403).
Milward Kennedy, 1934.
mystical writings attributed to Pseudo-Dionysius
gnostic writings attributed to Hermes Trismegistus, forty-two books in all
old Buenos Aires neighborhood, derived from the former stockyards at Caseros and Rioja, now a street name
Spaniard Grammatician and Lexicographer (1571-1631)
Parodi:" Bonfanti cita una de las frases proverbiales recogidas por el humanista, helenista, gramático, lexicógrafo, paremiólogo y ortógrafo español Gonzalo Correas Íñigo (1571−1631) en su obra Vokabulario de Refranes i Frases Proverbiales (1627), un repertorio de refranes, adagios, aforismos y sentencias. En Borges 1064, Bioy recuerda: “Una conducta burda era la de nuestro noviciado cuando, a la manera de Larreta, procurábamos colonizar frases hechas del repertorio de Correas”. El ‘Maestro Correas’, impulsor del principio foneticista en la ortografía castellana, es también autor de Ortografia Kastellana nueva i perfecta, 1630. Es mencionado también en Crónicas, “Lo que falta” §13" (87).
Argentine historian, b. 1901, d. 1991
Publishing house in Argentina.
Portuguese poet, 1878-1960
main post office in Buenos Aires
Parodi: "también conocido como el ‘Palacio de Correos’, es un fastuoso edificio, ubicado en un extenso predio en la zona conocida como “El Bajo” (cf. “Tai An” i §3). Su proyecto fue encargado en 1888 a Norbert Maillart, uno de los arquitectos europeos predilectos del Estado nacional. Tras múltiples interrupciones debidas a crisis económicas e institucionales y tras algunas desviaciones del trazado original, fue inaugurado en 1928. El edificio, fiel a los cánones del academicismo francés, ocupa toda una manzana y consta de nueve plantas que cubren una superficie de 88.000 m2. El interior destaca por el lujo del mobiliario y las lámparas, los pisos de mármol, la ornamentación de los muros, los vitrales del cielo raso, las suntuosas escaleras, los fastuosos salones, la mampostería con figuras de Hermes con su casco alado, las puertas y ventanas, la cúpula truncada, entre muchos otros detalles que también destaca Bustos Domecq. En 1997 fue declarado Monumento Histórico Nacional y funcionó como oficina central de correos hasta 2003. En 2005 se aprobó un proyecto del gobierno nacional para convertir el edificio en un centro cultural; como parte de la celebración del bicentenario de la Revolución de Mayo, en 2010 se iniciaron las obras de renovación de lo que en 2015 fue inaugurado como Centro Cultural Néstor Kirchner y posteriormente rebautizado Centro Cultural Bicentenario" (408-07).
Mallorca newspaper, now the Diario de Mallorca
periodical edited by Fisherton in Rosario
Torres Villaroel satire
Ipuche poem
Flaubert letters
collection of writings about an imaginary author, written in 1888 by Eça de Queiroz and others, published posthumously in 1925
Argentine province
Fishburn and Hughes: "A fertile province in north-eastern Argentina, bordering Paraguay and Brazil. After 1814 Corrientes supported Federalism in the struggle against centralised government. Ladies in Corrientes would have had a rudimentary knowledge of Guaraní, in order to communicate with their Indian maids from the nearby provinces of Misiones, or from Paraguay." (52)
street in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: "An important thoroughfare in the centre of Buenos Aires. See Talcahuano." (52)
Parodi: 1) "a pesar de que Corrientes fue ensanchada en 1936 y desde entonces pasó a ser avenida, siguió siendo conocida como la “Calle Corrientes”. Atraviesa el centro de Buenos Aires desde El Bajo (cf. “Tai An” i §3) prolongándose a lo largo de setenta cuadras, hasta el barrio de Chacarita. Muy vinculada con la historia del tango, por su activa vida nocturna se la conoce como “la calle que nunca duerme”. En los alrededores del Obelisco, Corrientes concentraba la mayor cantidad de librerías, teatros, pizzerías y bares de Buenos Aires" (264).
2) "“Avenida Corrientes y Pasteur”: esquina del barrio de Once cf. “Esse” §1" (330).
Henriquez Ureña study, 1949
Title of a tango song of 1933.
Italian newspaper published in Milan since 1876
street in Buenos Aires, perhaps Cortada de Rauch
Argentine writer, 1910-1974, specialist in Argentine folklore
Argentine writer, 1914-84, author of Bestiario, Rayuela and numerous other works
Spanish priest and writer, 1842-1911, author of Duelos y quebrantos, Diccionario de todas las palabras usadas en el Quijote and various other studies of Cervantes
Spanish conqueror of Mexico, 1485-1547
Parodi: "“quemó, como Hernán Cortés, las piezas y el tablero”: la frase evoca la acción de Hernán Cortés (1485-1547) durante la conquista de México, cuando en Yucatán mandó inutilizar las naves para evitar que sus hombres retrocedieran o huyeran. En la obra de Bustos, los personajes no queman naves, pero sí un juego de ajedrez o etapas en su obra literaria (cf. “Lo que falta” §4)" (291).
Wife of Bartolomé Hidalgo
northern Spanish city, A Coruña in Galician
Fishburn and Hughes: "Attendants of Cybele, the Asiatic goddess known as the 'Great Mother', in whose honour they performed orgiastic rites. These wild dances were thought to be good for mental illnesses." (52)
US crime fiction writer, 1848-1924, creator of detective Nick Carter
Mafia
Rossi book on African influences on the culture of the River Plate region, 1926
Cosmas Indicopleustes, Alexandrian merchant, fl. 6th century A. D., author of Topographia Christiana
Fishburn and Hughes: "A sixth-century merchant and traveller born in Alexandria. After sailing to Africa and the Far East (for which he became known as Indicopleustes, or 'Indian sailor'), Cosmas retreated to a monastery and composed the Topographia Christiana (Christian Topography), with the purpose of denying the heathen hypothesis of the shape of the earth and proving the factual truth of biblical definitions of the universe. According to Cosmas, the earth is rectangular, its inhabited part surrounded by the ocean, beyond which lies the Garden of Eden." (53)
Borges poem
book of Borges poems with illustrations by Aldo Sessa, 1976
Spanish magazine directed by Enrique Gómez Carrtillo, Madrid, 1919-1922
the universe
resort town in the mountains of Cordoba province
Parodi: "Cosquín es una población en la provincia de Córdoba, en las Sierras de Punilla, famosa en otro tiempo por su clima seco y aire puro: en esa localidad, funcionaban sanatorios para enfermedades pulmonares, en especial para tuberculosos. ‘Sacó boleto’ equivale a ‘compró billete’ para viajar a Cosquín; cf. “Limardo” i §26 " (396).
Argentine linguist, author of Nuestra lengua and El castellano en la Argentina
Buenos Aires neighborhood
Fishburn and Hughes: "A small town in the district of Ramallo, a province of Buenos Aires, not to be confused with the island of the same name in the Paraná River, scene of various battles, including a naval defeat of Garibaldi." (53)
Barbary Coast in north Africa
Gold Coast, region in West Africa
street in Buenos Aires
Argentine poet, author of Faces del vicio, 1891, and El fastidio en metro absurdo
character in Montherlant novel
avenue along the River Plate in Buenos Aires
Belgian novelist, 1827-1879
Carriego poem, published posthumously
character in Bustos Domecq story
Parodi: "supuesto guardián del burdel de la Princesa. ‘Marmota’ se emplea con el significado de torpe, inhábil; cf. “Limardo” i §16" (194).
Parodi: "el ‘Pequeño Cottolengo’ es una institución que forma parte de la “Pequeña Obra de la Divina Providencia”, conocida como “Obra de don Orione”, creada con ocasión de la visita de Luigi Orione a la Argentina durante el Congreso Eucarístico de 1934 (cf. “H.B.D.” §3). Esta institución de beneficencia se dedica a la atención de discapacitados físicos y mentales" (195).
Italian literary critic, 1905-2009, editor of Mussolini's writings on fascism and author of studies of the commedia dell'arte, Dante and other subjects
Parodi: "el nombre del supuesto autor de una novelita pornográfica coincide con el del escritor y poeta fascista italiano Giuseppe Cottone (1905-2009), autor de estudios críticos la obra de poetas italianos del siglo XIII al XX. Fue también editor, prologuista y comentador de un breve ensayo, La dottrina del fascismo, de Benito Mussolini, publicado en 1932. Del mismo año es su ensayo Dal Liberalismo al Fascismo, Stato Corporativo. Fue docente de latín y de literatura italiana y colaboró en diversos periódicos y revistas culturales sicilianas" (287).
Parfums Coty, French perfume manufacturer
Parodi: "Al igual que ‘Atkinsons’, Coty es una marca de perfumes y productos de tocador" (186).
Cuenta sus muertos, están vivos, Wyndham Lewis, 1937, pro-fascist book on the Spanish Civil War
Murry collection of essays, 1922
Wells title story of a short story collection, 1911
English magazine that published photographs by George Bernard Shaw
French painter, 1819-1877
La Harpe history, here called Histoire de la littérature, first delivered in 1786
Portuguese historian, 1542-1616, author of Decadas about the annexation of Portugal by Spain
pseudonym of Rui Esteves Ribeiro de Almeida Couto, Brazilian journalist, diplomat and writer, 1898-1963
Spanish lexicographer, 1539-1613, author of Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española
former market area of London
city in Warwickshire, England
English playwright, 1899-1973
author of The Man with Four Lives
English poet and dramatist, 1618-1667, author of Love's Riddle, The Guardian, Pindarique Odes, The Mistress and other works
Fishburn and Hughes: "An English poet, contemporary with Milton, whose verse marks the transition between the Metaphysical and Augustan poets. His Pindaric Odes established the form of the English ode. His Epic of King David (1656) embodies the principles of the neo-classical couplet." (53)
US critic, editor and poet, 1898-1989
English poet, 1731-1800, author of The Task
US forester, 1878-1961, author of Fearsome Creatures of the Lumberwoods, 1910
Lubbock essay on the novel, 1921
Carlyle's home
street in Cambridge, Massachusetts
character in Borges story
British scholar, assistant to the editor of the New English Dictionary and editor of some of the sagas
Anatole France novel, 1901, made into a film in 1922
German tennis player, 1909-1976
Lucas Maler, German painter, 1472-1553
US novelist and poet, 1870-1900, author of The Red Badge of Courage, The Open Boat and other works
village located to the west of London, in Hounslow
British writer, 1909-1984, who specialized in Austrian and Russian subjects
archbishop of Canterbury and a leader of the English Reformation, 1489-1556
town in Haut Anjou region in France
Plato's dialogue between Socrates and Cratylus
US film star, 1906-77
Willard Huntington Wright, 1916
Krefeld, city in Germany near Dusseldorf
Carlos de la Púa book of "poemas bajos," 1929
accomplice of Lazarus Morell in Borges story
phrase in Icelandic saga
Cansinos-Asséns poem
Papini, 1906
Lugones book of poems, 1905
Parodi: "Leopoldo Lugones (1874-1938), poeta, ensayista, cuentista, historiador, crítico, periodista y político argentino. Los crepúsculos del jardín, obra modernista, fue publicado en 1905. Lugones era entonces un escritor ya consagrado por Las montañas del oro (1897) y por ensayos históricos, a los que siguieron narraciones fantásticas y poemarios (entre otros, Los crepúsculos del jardín, 1905; Lunario sentimental, 1909 y el Romancero, 1924). Con ocasión de la muerte de Lugones, escribió Borges (Borges en Sur, “Letras”): “Nadie habla de Lugones sin hablar de los múltiples cambios políticos de Lugones. Examinados, se limitan a dos: hacia 1897 −época de Las montañas del oro− era socialista: hacia 1916 −época de Mi beligerancia−, demócrata; desde 1923 −época de las conferencias del Coliseo−, profeta pertinaz y dominical de la Hora de la Espada. […] Tampoco le perdonan el tránsito del ateísmo irreverente a la fe cristiana −como si ambos no fueran evidencias de una misma pasión. He aquí lo indiscutible: esos “cambios múltiples” de Lugones, que son escándalo y admiración de los argentinos, son de naturaleza ideológica y todos saben que las ideas de Lugones −mejor, las opiniones de Lugones− fueron siempre menos interesantes que la convicción y que la retórica espléndida que éste les dedicó. (151) […] Lo esencial en Lugones era la forma. Sus razones casi nunca tenían razón; sus adjetivos y metáforas, casi siempre. De ahí lo conveniente de buscarlo en aquellos lugares de su obra no maculados de polémica: en las páginas descriptivas de la Historia de Sarmiento y de El payador […] o en algún admirable cuento fantástico −“La lluvia de fuego”, “Los caballos de Abdera”, “Izur”− o en aquel Lunario sentimental que es el inconfesado arquetipo de toda la poesía profesionalmente ‘nueva’ del continente” (152). “Decir que acaba de morir el primer escritor de nuestra república, decir que acaba de morir el primer escritor de nuestro idioma, es decir la estricta verdad y es decir muy poco [...] En vida, Lugones era juzgado por el último artículo ocasional que su indiferencia había consentido. Muerto, tiene el derecho póstumo de que lo juzguen por su obra más alta” (151)" (257).
Jean Paul Richter
large Greek island of Crete
Fishburn and Hughes: "A Greek island in the south Aegean. Aleph 79 (123): the famous labyrinth of Crete was constructed by Daedalus for the Minotaur." (53)
railroad town in Cheshire, England
Sternberg film, 1936
Eça de Queiroz novel, 1875
Peyrou, anthology of short stories, published posthumously.
Pryestupleniye i nakazaniye, Dostoevski novel, 1866
Chesterton, 1915.
Fishburn and Hughes: "From the Portuguese crioulo, 'nursling', a term. originally applied to 'whites' born of European parentage. With increasing miscegenation, however, it was given to natives of mixed blood. The word has wide applications, from the high-ranking local élite, the leaders of the Independence Movement, to the native mestizo masses, often with pejorative connotations. As R.B. Scobie observes, 'In the nineteenth century, criollo became synonymous with shiftiness and laziness' (Buenos Aires from Plaza to Suburb, Oxford 1974, 219)." (53)
Chryseyde or Cressida, daughter of Calchas, whose tragic love for the Trojan prince Troilus is the subject of a poem by Chaucer and a play by Shakespeare
Chrysippus, Greek Stoic philosopher, c.280- 207
Argentine magazine, 1929-1934
character in pastoral novel included in Don Quixote, part I, chapters 12 to 14
character in pastoral segment of the first part of Don Quijote
character in Stevenson's Weir of Hermiston
character in Gracian's Criticon
Christina, queen of Sweden, 1626-89
Old English poem, see Christ
Old Norse expression for Jesus Christ
literary periodical edited by T. S. Eliot from 1922 to 1939
Wilde essay in Intentions, 1891
Buenos Aires newspaper, founded by Natalio Botana in 1913, in whose Saturday supplement Borges first published Historia universal de la infamia
Kritika slov, Capek pamphlet, 1920
Borges prose text from 1921
Groussac, 1924
Goyena, 1917
Gibbon, 1770
Gracián philosophical novel, 1651-57
Croatia, country in the former Yugoslavia
Italian philosopher and critic, 1866-1952, author of La estetica come scienza dell'espressione e linguistica generale, La poesia, Storia dell'età barocca in Italia and other works
Fishburn and Hughes: "An Italian idealist philosopher and humanist who was strongly opposed to Fascism, author of Philosophy of the Spirit and several treatises discussing the principles of art criticism and defining his own aesthetic system. The most significant aspect of his philosophy is the total dissociation of the work of art from any pre-existing concept, whether of the artist or of the observer. The work of art exists independently in the mind of its creator, even before being realised through its medium. The artist knows his creation only when he has completed it, and the observer of the work of art will enjoy its aesthetic values only when he recaptures and reexpresses the artist's intention. Borges refers to Croce in his essays, challenging his condemnation of allegories. For Croce allegory is 'a kind of... cryptography', in so far as it encodes two ideas in one image. To this Borges answers by agreeing, with Chesterton, on the inadequacy of language to express reality; allegory is another form of communication offering a means by which we can attempt to utter the ineffable (Other Inq. 49/50, TL 337). La Poesia, one of Croce's miscellaneous philosophical treatises, first published as a collection in 1910 under the title Saggi Filosofici (Philosophical Essays), is an introduction to the history of literature and to critical theory. See 'Terribilis visu facies...'" (53-54)
character in Bustos Domecq story, also known as Juan Cruz
Parodi: 1) "administrador del Commendatore Sangiácomo" (85).
2) "el contador Croce es equiparado al militar, estadista y escritor romano Marco Porcio Catón (234 a.C.-149 a.C.), apodado ‘El Censor’ y conocido como ‘Catón el Viejo’, célebre por su desempeño intachable en los diversos cargos que ocupó. Fue un ejemplo de sobriedad y sencillez en su forma de vivir y en la denuncia de los excesos y la corrupción de los funcionarios" (101-02).
bar in Geneva
wolf-dog of India, described by Pliny
Irish mystery writer, 1879-1957, author of The Cask
Schwob narrative of the Children's Crusade, 1896
Belgian playwright, 1886-1970
English Puritan leader and statesman, 1599-1658
Holinshed, see Chronicles
Bustos Domecq, 1967
Menén Desleal story
Scottish physician and novelist, 1896-1981
work by Hermann Soergel in Borges story
Kronos, Greek god, father of Zeus and other Olympian gods
editor of an anthology of American Indian poetry
Wells parable, 1937
Fishburn and Hughes: "An ancient mystical symbol indicating originally the four cardinal points of the earth and so signifying life. It has also been seen as a phallic image and an emblem of immortality. In the history of Christianity it is associated with the passion and death of Christ and has become a symbol of reparation and redemption." (54)
Jesuit, character in Bustos Domecq
Parodi: "el nombre de este supuesto sacerdote y crítico literario coincide con el de una persona real conocida de Bioy. En Memoria sobre la pampa y los gauchos, evoca Bioy: “uno de los gauchos más gauchos que conocí, gaucho por el aspecto, el andar, la fonética, la índole, el oficio y las habilidades, hombre de cuidado por la baquía en el manejo del cuchillo, así como por el coraje, noble bajo una apariencia huraña de puro cimarrona, famoso domador, suavemente socarrón y estoicamente desdichado, fue don Cipriano Cross, francés de nacimiento y hermano, para colmo de la anomalía, de un hotelero marplatense.” (41-42) En “Naturalismo al día”, a “Cipriano Cross S.J.” se le atribuyen “ponderadas lecciones” sobre los conceptos de descripcionismo y descriptivismo. El inesperado añadido de ‘(s.j.)’ al nombre de un personaje que no parece estar vinculado a una orden religiosa, también se da en el caso de Abramowicz, que aparece como confesor de la princesa Fiodorovna (cf. “Goliadkin” i §20) o el del hispanista Mario Bonfanti, que en “Testigo” §6 (nota) y en Modelo v §29 revela su condición de sacerdote jesuita. Para Cipriano Cross, cf. también Modelo v §59" (268).
Encrucijadas en Irlanda, Padraic Colum, 1930
Whitman poem, 1856
Vidor film, 1928
Genaro Estrada book, 1928
Arthur Miller play, 1953
tentative title of Borges ultraísta poem
British caricaturist, 1792-1878
Aziz Suryal Atiya study, 1938
La cruzada de Nicópolos, Aziz Suryal Atiya study, 1934
character in Defoe romance, based on Alexander Selkirk
gaucho and soldier, character in Hernandez's Martin Fierro, in Borges story given the first names Tadeo Isidoro
Fishburn and Hughes: "Sergeant Cruz, a character in the poem Martín Fierro, who so admires the outlaw Fierro's bravery when he fights alone against him and his posse of fellow-policemen that he cries out: 'Cruz no consiente/ Que se cometa el delito/ De matar ansí un valiente!' ('Cruz will not permit the crime of slaughtering such a brave man'). Cruz crosses to Fierro's side and shares his fate. His friendship with Fierro is considered one of the supreme examples of brotherly love in gaucho literature. Cruz is traditionally seen as Fierro's 'double', a more prosaic version of the legendary gaucho whose history of injustice and persecution he had shared before being forced to work on the side of the government. Martínez Estrada has an interesting interpretation of the incident that serves as a basis for 'The Life of Tadeo Isidoro Cruz': the moment Cruz joins Martín Fierro he destroys his independence and spontaneity, depriving him of any spiritual life and turning him into 'su sombra envejecida' ('his ageing shadow')." (54)
town in the Sierras de Córdoba
newspaper in La muerte y la brújula
Fishburn and Hughes: "An invented newspaper of extreme right-wing persuasion. The name is a play on ‘La hora de la Espada’, a phrase used by Lugones in a 1924 speech celebrating military intervention." (54)
town in the province of Córdoba
Southern Cross, constellation of southern sky
town in the Sierras de Córdoba
Argentine poet (1794-1839).
character in Borges story
character in Borges-Bioy filmscript
mother of Tadeo Isidoro Cruz in Borges story
character in Borges-Bioy filmscript
Mexican poet and intellectual, 1648-1695
Wells story, 1899
Ctesias of Cnidus, Greek physician and historian, 4th century B. C., author of the Persica as well as works on geography and on India
Samuel Butler
Borges book of poems, 1929
Emecé´s collection of nouvelles directed by Mallea.
series founded by Alfonso Reyes in 1929
Argentine literary magazine
Susana Bombal book of stories, 1963
tale from Enrique González Tuñón´s El alma de las cosas inanimadas
Når vi døde vågner, Ibsen play, 1899
island in southern Brazil and river that forms part of the boundary between Uruguay and Brazil
Fishburn and Hughes: "A river forming part of the boundary between Uruguay and Brazil." (54)
Forty Thieves, characters in episode of the Arabian Nights
Arabian book which is a source of the Conde Lucanor
character in Juan Ruiz
country
Spanish ultraísta poet
Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinger study, 1912
artistic movement
range of hills in northern Uruguay
range of hills in Uruguay
Fishburn and Hughes: "A hill range on the borders of Brazil and Uruguay." (54)
Borges milonga
anthology edited by Alfredo Cahn, 1936
Excerpt from Histoires brisées (1950) by Paul Valéry.
Quevedo satire on culterano style
Borges text introducing his translation of Vor dem Gesetz, 1938
Menén Desleal story
preface to an introduction of Oscar Wilde's stories, 1966
Work by Japanese writer Ryunosuke Akutagawa (1892-1927), sometimes called Agutagawa.
Menén Desleal book of stories with apocryphal Borges preface
Povidky z jedné kapsy, Capek stories, 1929
Bustos Domecq
Parodi:" nombre con que Bustos Domecq aludía a Seis problemas, aunque dos de los cuentos, “Goliadkin” y “Toros”, fueron escritos en la ciudad de Quequén (cf. “Vestuario I” §1)" (20).
Lugones collection of short stories, 1924
Work by Japanese writer Ryunosuke Akutagawa (1892-1927), sometimes called Agutagawa.
anthology of stories by high school students, 1965
city in state of Morelos, Mexico
Golden Horn in Istanbul
José María Sbarbi book
Reyes essays, 1927
old Argentine family
character in Collins's The Moonstone
Cujacius, French legal expert, 1520-1590
Bottomley play, 1931
Countée Cullen's father, a minister
US poet and novelist, 1903-1946, author of The Black Christ, Copper Sun and other works
One of the 'Realces' comprising the work El Discreto (1646).
Arturo Cancela and Pilar de Lusarreta, 1939.
town in the sierras of Córdoba
US poet, novelist and nonlecturer, 1894-1963
tango by Gerardo Mattos Rodríguez, 1916, lyrics added later by Pablo Contursi
blacksmith in Buddhist legend
region of Colombia that includes Bogotá
town in Italy where Attilio Momigliano was born
Argentine writer and journalist, 1914-2011
See Da Cunha, Euclides.
Scottish writer and traveler, raised in Argentina, 1852-1936, author of Mogreb-el-Acksa, The Horses of the Conquest and other works
Steinbeck novel, 1929
priest, character in Don Quijote
Swiss pastor's daughter, beloved of Gibbon, mother of Mme. de Stael
character in Hawthorne's Marble Faun
Lewis Carroll, 1888-1893.
interpolated novel in Cervantes's Don Quixote
Pedro Mata, 1861
pseudonymous English author of The Gilt Kid, 1936, and other novels on the British class system
zookeeper in Buenos Aires, founder of Mundo Animal
French zoologist and paleontologist, 1769-1832, author of Lecons d'anatomie comparee and other works
Parodi: "Georges Cuvier (1769-1832), zoólogo y paleontólogo francés, autor de Lecciones de anatomía comparada en 5 volúmenes, 1800-1805, Cuadro elemental de la historia natural de los animales (1798); Historia natural de los peces, en once volúmenes, (1828-1848); entre otras" (277).
French journalist and professor of philosophy, 1887-1973, editor of anthology of Proudhon
region and former province in Argentina, currently the provinces of Mendoza, San Juan and San Luis
Greco tango
Cimbelino, late play by Shakespeare, c. 1611
Old English poet, late 8th or early 9th century, author of St. Juliana, Elene, and the Fates of the Apostles
Fishburn and Hughes: "A philosophical school founded by Diogenes in the second half of the fourth century BC. The name, derived from kuôn, a dog, was given to its members to indicate their harsh and aggressive behaviour. Their main tenet, though not formally expressed, was an adherence to certain moral principles aiming at a return to 'natural' living, without the conventions and comforts that go with a position in society. Simplicity and poverty made for independence and self-sufficiency but entailed a life of promiscuity and lack of shame." (55)
Rostand play, 1897
French writer of romances, 1619-1655, author of Le Pedant joué, La Mort d'Agrippine, Histoire comique des etats et empires de la Lune and other works
Fishburn and Hughes: "Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Persian Empire, the son of Cambyses. Cyrus was a wise ruler revered by the Persians who, according to Herodotus, called him the father of his people. The first of a dynasty, he has inspired a legend in which he is seen to exemplify all the qualities expected of a monarch. When Babylon fell to him in 539, Cyrus was generous and tolerant towards its inhabitants, honouring their gods and supporting local customs. He also permitted the Jewish exiles in Babylon to return to their own country and rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem, as recorded in the First Book of Ezra. Pliny (7.88) says that Cyrus knew every soldier serving in his army by name." (55)
German poet, 1605-1660, author of Sexcenta monodisticha sapientum, 1655, and other poems