author of Relativity and Robinson, 1938

character in Wells's The Shape of Things to Come

Kabbalah, Jewish mystic interpretations of the Scriptures, comprising the Sefer Yetsirah and the Zohar

Fishburn and Hughes: "From the Hebrew Kabbal, meaning 'to receive': 'the received', or traditional, lore. This general term is applied in Judaeo-Christianity to a body of religious knowledge and experience which seeks to provide a means of approaching God directly, and revealing the hidden inner mysteries of the Old Testament, particularly the five books of Moses. In the words of Gershom Scholem, Cabbala is not one system but is a vast variety of attempts to view, or give symbolic structure to, rabbinical Judaism.

The Cabbala is largely concerned with postulating cosmological systems: that is to say, with speculative theories of the creation, maintenance and destiny of the world and the interrelation of its components. It includes a description of the role of man and other living creatures, the behaviour of the heavenly hosts and the interaction of these with the Godhead. As a method of mystical and poetical exposition of the Scriptures, the Cabbala adopts an immanent approach to the Universe, believing in the hidden existence of godliness behind and within every material object. Thus in Cabbalistic thought the visible world is likened to a veil or curtain which esoteric interpretations are able to lift, revealing a more direct vision of the true mysteries of God and his creation. Since, according to the Jewish account of creation, language preceded the act of creation ('And God said, "Let there be light"; and there was light'), there followed a belief in the magical properties of Hebrew, the language employed by God. In Hebrew each of the 22 letters has its equivalent numerical value, and an important Cabbalistic method of exegesis is Gematria, or the interpretation of the Scriptures based upon numerical calculations and combinations of the Hebrew letters. This method did not exclude belief in the magic and creative properties of the Hebrew letters which, if deciphered, might reveal not only the ineffable presence of God, but also his mysterious power of creation. A guide to the different Cabbalistic theories can be found in the Zohar, the holy book of Cabbalism. Borges was attracted to any idea which postulated the unreality of the visible world; what fascinated him particularly about the Cabbala was the idea of a systematic combinatorial method of mystical revelation (see A Defence of Kabbalah, TL 83). See Pentateuch." (36-37)

Wilder novel, 1925

poem by Álvaro Melián Lanifur

street and neighborhood in Buenos Aires

Chinese monster which looks like a black-headed flying dog

horse which lives in the sea, mentioned in the Arabian Nights and other sources

Zorrilla, 1842.

Ipuche poem

book of watercolors of horses by Juan Carlos Castagnino, with preface by Borges, 1971

Lugones story in Las fuerzas extrañas

street in Buenos Aires

Lugones poem in Romances del Río Seco

character in Bustos Domecq story

18th century Spanish building on the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires

Gabinete negro, Max Jacob, 1922

point in Mar del Plata near Playa Chica

Cape Horn

Cape of Good Hope, southernmost point of Africa

Portuguese navigator, c. 1460-c. 1518, who discovered Brazil in 1500

street in Buenos Aires

ancestors of Borges, a family of early Spanish settlers in South America

priest who accompanied Mendoza at the time of the first foundation of Buenos Aires

Spanish explorer, 1528-1574, founder of Córdoba, Argentina

Cayol and de Bassi sainete with tangos, 1910

Miguel Torga short story

character in Dante's Paradiso

narrator and character in Güiraldes's Don Segundo Sombra

here a cat, but also the nickname of a tango musician

character in Bustos Domecq story

hot springs in the province of Mendoza

A Bergantin used as a Prison.

play

Spanish writer, 1741-1782

Portuguese literary periodical, founded in 1940 by Tomás Kim

Argentine poet and tango songwriter (1900-1999)

port city in southern Spain

early English poet, fl. 670, known for being inspired by his dreams

one of Fernando Pessoa's heteronyms

city in Normandy, France

village in Wales associated with Arthurian legend

Shaw play, 1901

cafe in Madrid

old cafe in Montevideo, at Rambla 25 de agosto and Colón

cafe in downtown Geneva, here apparently the title of a text by Maurice Abramowicz

cafe in Paris, on the Rue de l'Ancienne Comédie

old cafe and restaurant near the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires

site of battle in Uruguay in 1839 between the Uruguayan forces of Rivera and the army of Juan Manuel de Rosas

pseud. of Giuseppe Balsamo, Italian alchemist, adventurer, physician and impostor, 1743-95

Gide

Swiss-born Argentine writer, 1902-1975

city in south central France

Argentine literary critic, b. 1910, author of studies of Benito Lynch, gauchesque poetry, Bécquer and other topics, and compiler of an anthology of Spanish American poetry

French intellectual, 1913-1978, lived in Argentina during the Second World War

brother and slayer of Abel in the Bible

Zorilla, 1842.

US novelist and journalist, 1892-1977.

Fishburn and Hughes: A heretical Gnostic sect mentioned by Irenaeus, Epiphanius of Salamis and other Christian writers. Their name was derived from the cult of Cain whom they acclaimed for withstanding the God of the Old Testament, regarded by them as the cause of evil in the world. The Cainites possessed an apocryphal Gospel of Judas and believed that Judas, being in contact with the 'Truth', was aware of providence and brought about Jesus's betrayal because he knew in advance that it had to happen. The Cainites stressed the importance of evil in perpetual contest with good for supremacy in the universe, and held a dualistic creed not unlike the system of the Gnostics. The Theologians

capital of Egypt

city in Illinois

Argentine printmaker associated with the Instituto Argentino de Artes Gráficas and with Solidaridad Social

cicle of poems by Walt Whitman

Argentine writer, 1901-1978

Silva Valdes poem

victim of the Argentine judicial system defended by Gerchunoff

city near Zaragoza, Spain

Indian group of northern Argentina

Girondo book of poems, 1925

Calcutta, city in India

Calcutta newspaper founded in 1821

quarterly review, founded in 1844

lower region of Mesopotamia

Spanish playwright, 1600-81, author of La vida es sueño and countless other plays

US writer, 1903-87, author of Tobacco Road, God's Little Acre and other works

ranch in Borges story "El Congreso"

Zorrilla, 1845.

Argentine Indian leader, d. 1873, subject of a novel by Estanislao Zeballos

city in Colombia

character in Shakespeare's Tempest

Browning poem in Dramatis Personae, 1864

Khozikode, city in northern part of Kerala state, India, known as the City of Spices

Vilaseco

state in western United States

town in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina

here a reference to the university campus in Berkeley, California

nickname of Caius Caesar Germanicus, Roman emperor, 12-41

translation of the Pancatantra, a Sanskrit collection of moral fables, made for Alfonso X el Sabio, known in Arabic as Kalila wa Dimna

Calypso, nymph, daughter of Atlas, who figures as a character in the Odyssey

London novel, 1903

street in Buenos Aires

Street in Buenos Aires.

street in La Plata

Street in the city of Montevideo, Uruguay.

Street in Buenos Aires

Lange book of poems, 1925

Former street of the city of Montevideo, Uruguay

A long street in Buenos Aires

Borges poem in Fervor de Buenos Aires

Fishburn and Hughes: The streets Rivadavia and Montes de Oca in Barracas and Constitución, an old part of Buenos Aires, once patrician, now run down. See Bernardo de Yrigoyen. The Elderly Lady

Apollinaire visual poems, 1918

Italian philosopher, 1904-86, author of Estetica, semantica, istorica and many other works, active in anti-fascist movements in Italy

Argentine poet, 1890-1923, author of Humanamente, 1918

Roman noblewoman, wife of Julius Caesar

Calvary, place of the crucifixion

Fishburn and Hughes: A religious movement initiated by the French theologian and reformist John Calvin (1509- 1564). Calvin established a strict theocratic regime in Geneva, assuming wide-ranging powers over the private life of its citizens; infringements led to excommunication and exile. Calvinism was in direct opposition to Rome. Hence the distaste with which the presumably traditionally Roman Catholic narrator in the story alluded to it; but it also differed from other Protestant movements by its extreme position on predestination. Calvinism held that after the Fall, itself determined by God, everything that man wills and does is sin. There are only two paths to follow, concupiscence or grace, but man has no power over which to adopt, the choice having been predestined by God. Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote

Jean Calvinus or Cauvin, Swiss religious leader, 1509-64, author of Institution de la religion chrétienne and many other works

Italian writer, born in Cuba, 1923-85

story by Menén Desleal

Argentine writer, 1883-1915, author of Pedagogia social and El diletantismo sentimental

The Chamber of Deputies of the Argentine Goverment.

See House of Commons

Portuguese author of Viagens em Marrocos, 1876

street in Buenos Aires

minor character in Bustos Domecq story

Spanish humorist, 1882-1962, author of La rana viajera and other works

Argentine woman married to Ramón Blanco and then to Diego de Alvear, owner of a quinta in the Calle 11 de septiembre, Belgrano, Buenos Aires

Discepolo tango

Argentine poet and dramatist, 1908-96, author of El problema de las generaciones literarias

city in England, site of Cambridge University

city in Massachusetts, site of Harvard University

here attributed to More, though the authors of the early editions were Trent, Erskine, Sherman and Van Doren; first published 1917-21

Ward and Waller, first published 1904-1916

city in New Jersey where Whitman lived

city in Ohio

editor of the apocryphal Deliciae Poetarum Borussiae, perhaps based on Joachim Camerarius, German classical scholar, 1500-74

H. G. Wells novel, 1937

character in El curioso impertinente, the exemplary novel Cervantes included in the first part of Don Quijote

tango song

former name of Avenida Sáenz, street in Buenos Aires

Williams play, 1953

Argentine poet, 1877-1944, author of Chacayaleras, Chaquiras, El paisaje, el hombre y su canción and other works, mostly remembered for the poem El tango in Chaquiras

Miguel Alfredo D’Elia poem, awarded third prize in a 1929 contest

Luis Vaz de Camões, Portuguese poet and adventurer, 1524-80, author of the epic poem Os Lusíadas as well as sonnets and other lyrics, sometimes written Camoens

El campamento Domineau, Pierre Mac Orlan novel, 1937

site of battle between Florence and Arezzo in 1289 in which Dante took part

nickname of a thug in Buenos Aires

Argentine magazine of the 1920s

tango by Flores and Linnig, c. 1925

Rey Escalona

Alain epigrams

Italian philosopher, 1568-1639, author of the Civitas Solis, De sensu rerum, De Monarchia Hispanica and other works

region of southern Italy

Spanish dictionary, 1891 and other editions

Irish sailor who came to the River Plate with the English forces in 1806-07, deserted, then worked with Artigas organizing naval forces to defend the River Plate estuary, also a tanner, d. 1832

South African poet, 1902-57, translator of Camões, Juan de la Cruz and Calderón, and author of Flowering Rifle, a book about the Spanish Civil War

Spanish professor of literature and philosophy, 1834-1902, author of Lecciones de calotecnia para un curso de principios generales de literatura y literatura española, 1879

Pereda Valdés poem

Carlos Vega book of poems, 1927

The father of the gauschesque poet Estanislao del Campo

Argentine poet, 1834-1880, author of Fausto and other poems

Gauchesque poetry book by Miguel Domingo Etchebarne

Elysian Fields of classical mythology

Mexican writer, 1876-1945, author of El folklore y la musica mexicana

Italian nobleman, Ghibelline leader of Verona and protector of Dante, who wrote him a famous letter about the Divina Commedia

country in North America

town in province of Santa Fe near Rosario

place in the province of Buenos Aires, site of 1820 battle between Unitarios and Federales

English Channel

Argentine poet and essayist, 1897-1982, author of Ensayo sobre la expresión popular artística en Santiago del Estero, Proposiciones en torno al problema de una cultura nacional argentina and other works, here ridiculed as Padre Feijoo Canal, author of Tratado del epíteto en la Cuenca del Plata

milonga, perhaps the early anonymous milonga "La canaria de Canelones"

Canary Islands, Spanish territory off the coast of west Africa

Uruguayan tango composer, violinist and director, 1888-1964.

Van Dine mystery, 1927

US critic, teacher and editor, 1878-1961

Canción de odio, Guerra Junqueiro poem

Argentine dramatist, novelist and short-story writer, 1892-1957

a crab that bit Herakles's ankle during his battle with the Hydra, now a zodiac sign

Cerberus, monstrous dog that guards the underworld in classical mythology

site of battle in Chile in 1818 in which San Martin was defeated by the Spanish forces

Fishburn and Hughes: "The site of a battle in Chile fought on 19 March 1818, when the army of San Martín was defeated by the Royalist forces. San Martín managed to save most of his men, but lost nearly all his military equipment. For a brief period the independence of Chile, which had seemed secure after the victory of Chacabuco, was uncertain, but it was finally assured on 5 April 1818 with the triumph at Maipú." (39)

Rodrigo Caro poem

Silva Valdés poem in Poemas nativos

poem by Ildefonso Pereda Valdés

Darío poem in Cantos de vida y esperanza, 1905

from Rafael Jijena Sánchez’s book of poems Achalay

Carriego posthumous book of poems, 1913

Atli

poem from Idelfonso Pereda’s book Música y acero

collection of Galician-Portuguese lyric, end of the 13th century, in the library of the Ajuda Palace in Lisbon

Cancionero General, collection of Portuguese lyric published in 1516 by Garcia de Resende

Aragonese anthology that includes Quesillos y requesones, 1721

Ventura Lynch, 1925, revised edition of his book La Provincia de Buenos Aires hasta la definición de la cuestión capital de la República

Jorge Furt work in 2 vols., 1923-25

collection of medieval Portuguese lyric, also known as the Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional

Canciones de la tarde, João de Lemos, 1875

Eugenio de Castro poems

Cansinos Assens "psalmos," 1914

street in Buenos Aires

character in Hudson's Purple Land

Spanish bandit, 1804-1837

Shaw heroine, protagonist of Candida

Voltaire philosophical romance, 1759

character in Voltaire's Candide

Argentine writer, 1897-1957

Argentine writer and journalist, 1851-1905, author of Juvenilia and other works

city in Uruguay near Montevideo

city in Peru near Ayacucho

Street in Buenos Aires

nickname used by Bustos Domecq

seaside boulevard in Marseille

Dadaist magazine, edited by Francis Picabia in 1920

avenue in Buenos Aires named for George Canning, British foreign secretary, now renamed Raúl Scalabrini Ortiz

avenue in Belgrano neighborhood of Buenos Aires

Tibetan Buddhist prayers

Spanish poet, novelist, translator and critic, 1883-1964

Carriego poem

Antonio D. Lussich's poem

in Bible, Song of Songs

cathedral city in southern England

Fishburn and Hughes: "A city in Kent, the see of the Primate of All England.
The archbishop of Canterbury referred to is St Anselm (c.1033-1109), one of the foremost scholastic thinkers. In what has come to be known as the Ontological Argument, Anselm sought to prove the existence of God on purely logical grounds, reasoning that if, as we must, we mean by God 'that than which nothing greater can be conceived', we cannot conceive of this entity unless it exists: what exists in external reality must be greater than what exists in the mind: thus God must exist not only inside the mind but also outside, in the 'real' world. The argument was shown to be circular by Aquinas and Kant, since existence cannot be regarded as predicate." (39)

Chaucer poem, written c.1387-1400

Frank Ernest Hill translation of Chaucer poem into modern English

João Ruiz de Castelo Branco poem from the Cancioneiro Geral

brief poems written in medieval Galician and Portuguese

called here Cantares de amor, poems in medieval Galician-Portuguese on the theme of love

collection of medieval songs compiled during the reign of Alfonso X el Sabio.

Darío poem for the Argentine centenary of 1910, collected in Canto a la Argentina y otros poemas, 1914

Ildefonso Pereda Valdés poem

Fernán Silva Valdés poem in the book Poemas Nativos

Fishburn and Hughes: One of several examples in 'The Aleph' of 'universal poems': that is, poems which take a global view of the universe. Others are Drayton's Polyolbion and, though not specifically mentioned, the Divine Comedy. The title may be an allusion to Neruda's Canto General, in which he tells the history of America, from earliest times, before it got its name, to the present. The Canto was not published until 1950, a year after 'The Aleph', but Neruda began writing it in 1938 and Borges probably knew of it. Borges was critical of Neruda's denunciation of the USA in the Canto, because of his silence about Perón, which Borges attributed to self-interest. Earlier, Neruda had written a collection of poems entitled Residence on Earth. 'The Earth', the poem mentioned in the same story, may be an allusion to this. The Aleph

Ildefonso Pereda Valdés poem

Lugones poem in El libro fiel

Darío book of poems, 1907

Pérez Zelaschi, poetry, 1975.

Borges translation of a poem by Maurice Abramowicz published under the pseudonym Maurice Claude

Lugones poem in Poemas solariegos

Argentine novelist, journalist and translator, 1919-1994, author of El muro de mármol, El retrato de la imagen and other works, object of Borges's love in the 1940s and the model for Beatriz Viterbo in El Aleph

Guangzhou, city in southern China

Tango song written by Enrique Cardícamo.

German mathematician, 1845-1918, known for his work on set theory and transfinite numbers

Pound poem series, ultimately 120 poems, 1930-1969

Pérez Zelaschi, poetry, 1944.

Darío book of poems, 1905

Rodríguez Marín collection in 5 vols., 1882-83

Italian historian and politician, 1804-1895, author of a universal history in many volumes

settlement in state of Bahia in northeastern Brazil where Antonio Maciel the "Conselheiro" lived with his followers

town in province of Buenos Aires

Xose María Cao Luaces, 1862-1918, caricaturist who directed Caras y Caretas, here illustrator of Loomis's Catre

chaos, the unformed universe in Greek mythology

Rodolfo Wilcock’s work, 1960.

Fishburn and Hughes: A pejorative term used in the River Plate to designate a bodyguard, or bully's henchman. Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius

Argentine poet and essayist, 1889-1967, author of Melpomene, La fiesta del mundo and other works

Czech writer, 1890-1938

Latin encyclopedist, 5th century A.D., author of De Nuptiis

German classical philologist, 1871-1961, author of Die griechische Philosophie, 1922, Das alten Germanien, 1937, and other works

town in the Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina

chapel established in 1725 in what is now the city of Rosario, Argentina

Sixtine Chapel in Vatican

the Green Chapel in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

river in the Luján delta in Tigre

character in Bustos Domecq story

hill in Rome where the temple of Jupiter was located

Alfonso Reyes essays, 1939 and 1945

US gangster, born in Italy, 1899-1947

character in Bustos Domecq story

“Las tapas eran con prójimas desnudas y de todos colores, y llevaban por título El jardín perfumado, El espión chino, El hermafrodita de Antonio Panormitano, Kama-Sutra y/o Ananga-Ranga, Las capotas melancólicas, las obras de Elefantis y las del Arzobispo de Benevento." It may refer to some kind of rude joke: the “capotas melancólicas” could be considered as a synonym of “taciturn condoms”. (Mentioned in Bustos Domecq story.)

US novelist, 1924-85, author of In Cold Blood

series of 80 aquatints by Francisco de Goya, 1797-98

Shaw play, 1900

Colonel Jack, Defoe, 1722

Capitán Nicolás, Walpole, 1934

Defoe novel, 1720

Phillpotts, novel, 1933.

Short story be Bloy, published in Histoires désobligeantes (1894).

Los cautivos, Joseph Kessel novel, 1926

hotel in Montevideo

early anonymous milonga

Argentine dramatist, friend of Carriego

book by Francisco Villamil, 1933

Argentine lawyer and poet, 1898-1989, one of the editors of Proa

river in Uruguay

Argentine magazine, 1898-1982

family of early Spanish settlers in Argentina

hunter and gaucho in Antelo

mentioned in Borges-Bioy filmscript

priest, character in Bustos Domecq stories

book by Marcos Leibovich

Argentine lawyer and writer, 1860-1946

Carcassonne, walled city in southern France

Dunsany story

Piranesi engravings

character in Bustos Domecq story

city in southern Wales

landowner in Tacuarembó, character in Borges story

character in Borges story

gaucho outlaw and knife-fighter, nicknamed Calandria

Italian poet and critic, 1835-1907

Charybdis, whirlpool in a narrow channel of the sea, an obstacle in the Odyssey

Caribbean Sea

Anglada book, 1939

Emily Dickinson's dog

Charlemagne, Frankish emperor, 742-814

street in Buenos Aires named for the Argentine historian and political figure, 1824-1906

Charles II of France, 823-77

character in Francisco Ayala's El hechizado, 1944

Carlos Zubillaga book, 1976

Charles I , English king, 1600-49, overthrown and beheaded in English Revolution

Fishburn and Hughes: King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1625, who came into conflict with the Commons over divine right. Defeated in the Civil War, he was executed in 1649. Eye-witnesses of his execution paid tribute to his demeanour on the scaffold: for example Andrew Marvell, who wrote, 'He nothing common did or mean / Upon that memorable scene' ('Upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland'). Borges described the execution in a poem entitled 'A Morning in 1649'. Its poignancy lies in the irony of the final verse. Fearlessly approaching death, the king greets the crowds with the same smile with which he had responded in previous years to their ovations: 'Lightly he nods his head / And smiles. He has done it so many times' (Sel. Poems 237). The Gospel According to Mark

English king, 1630-85

Palatine prince

emperor of Spain and of the Holy Roman Empire, 1500-58

Swedish king, 1682-1718

Fishburn and Hughes: A king of Sweden, known as 'The Alexander of the North', who led his country in military campaigns for eighteen years, defending it from its northern neighbours. He was an enlightened and reforming ruler. Charles XII admired the historian Quintus Curtius' biography of Alexander and carried a copy with him on all his campaigns. Once, when asked to compromise on a military matter, he was heard to say: 'Memini me Alexandrum, non mercatorem' ('I remember that I am Alexander, not a merchant'). Borges wrote a poem entitled 'Carlos XII' (Sel. Poems 183). A Biography of Tadeo Isidoro Cruz (1829-1874)

Thomas Carlyle's brother, 1801-1879, translator of Dante

British essayist and historian, 1795-1881, author of Sartor Resartus, The French Revolution, On Heroes and many other works

Fishburn and Hughes: A Scottish historian and essayist, at first much admired by Borges, for whom he was one of a few authors said to epitomise literature (Coleridge’s Flower, TL:242). Borges later rejected Carlyle's cult of heroism, condemning him as the inventor of the idea of the Teutonic race and the direct precursor of the Nazis. Carlyle's Sartor Resartus (The Taylor Re-patched), is an apocryphal biography of a Dr Teufelsdröckh (Devil's Dirt), said to contain many autobiographical details. Carlyle quotes from Teufelsdröckh's mystical writings as if they existed, adding his own commentaries. Borges used similar devices, notably in 'The Approach to Almotasim' and 'Pierre Menard, author of Don Quixote'. CF 353: Carlyle's thesis that men need heroes occurs throughout his writings but particularly in On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History (1841: translated by Borges) and Past and Present (1843). See Prologue Thomas Carlyle, TL: 413. Unworthy

Prosper Merimée novel, 1845, and Georges Bizet opera, 1875, about a Spanish gypsy woman

town in the province of Buenos Aires

Lactantius work on the phoenix

city in the province of Buenos Aires

character in the Libro de buen amor

collection of Alain epigrams

Anglada naturalist novel, 1914

pseud. of Dale Breckenridge Carnegey, 1888-1955, author of bestselling How to Win Friends and Influence People, 1936, as well as of biography of Lincoln

character in Bustos Domecq story

Anglada nativist novel, 1931, also called La libreta de un gaucho

Argentine poet included in the Exposición de la actual poesía argentina

Argentinian tango composer and director, 1899-1980.

Spanish poet, 1573-1647, author of Canción a las ruinas de Itálica

Cullen anthology of African American poetry, 1927

Charon, the ferryman across the Styx

Fishburn and Hughes: In Greek mythology the divinity charged with transporting the dead across the river Styx. Charon's fee was an obol, which was placed in the mouth of the dead at burial. The Zahir

German novelist and poet, 1878-1956; his 1937 book is Der Arzt Gion: eine Erzählung

town in Switzerland near Geneva

Italian painter, 1472-1526

Carpathian mountains in central Europe

English writer and social reformer, 1844-1929, early homosexual activist

French boxer, 1894-1975

Alexandrian Gnostic philosopher, 2nd century

Fishburn and Hughes: "A second-century Neoplatonist from Alexandria, the founder of a heretical sect which believed in the dualism of good and evil, denied the divinity of Christ and held that the soul is imprisoned in the body from which it strives to be free. The Theologians: Carpocrates believed that a man could be redeemed only after he had undergone experiences of all kinds and committed every possible deed, good and bad. Carpocrates himself seems to have led a simple life, but his followers were often accused of gross indulgence and superstition." (41)

US writer, 1906-77, prolific author of crime fiction under Carter Dickson and various other pseudonyms

Earl of Somerset, c. 1590-1645

Italian futurist painter, 1881-1966

detective in works of Ernest Bramah

street in Buenos Aires

character in Don Quijote, student, who eventually defeats the hero in battle, sometimes called El Bachiller

Ecuadoran poet and historian, 1903-1978

Tango written by Ángel G. Villoldo.

Ipuche

Enrique Amorim novel, 1929

Silva Valdés poem in Poemas nativos

former name of a square in Buenos Aires

family of the poet

Argentine poet, 1883-1912, author of El alma del suburbio, Las misas herejes and other works, subject of a 1930 Borges study.

Fishburn and Hughes: "A popular poet, story-writer and playwright whose principal theme was his own barrio Palermo. At his early death, from pneumonia, he had published only one volume of poetry, Misas herejes (1908), his work being known mainly through informal readings in neighbourhood cafés. In his poetry Carriego creates the myth of the porteño suburb, describing the starkness of life in the barrio in a spirit that owes much to Modernism and Baudelairian decadence. Carriego was a friend of Borges's father and visited their house every Sunday; Borges claims to have been greatly influenced as a child by their literary discussions. Like the narrator of 'Juan Muraña', Borges wrote a literary biography of Carriego, which was published in 1930." (41)

the poet's grandfather, author of Páginas olvidadas, 1895

Evaristo Carriego's brother

river in Castile, next to which the Cid fought a battle

Argentine specialist in oral poetry, 1895-1967

pseudonym of mathematician Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, English writer, 1832-1898, author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking Glass, Sylvie and Bruno and other works

Horacio Rega Molina poem

Main work of jesuit priest Francisco Javier Iturri. It was written as a response to the Historia de América (1797) by spanish writer Juan Bautista Muñoz.

city in southeastern Spain

city on Caribbean coast of Colombia

Fishburn and Hughes: "The capital of a department in northern Colombia, a seaport on the Caribbean. Cartagena proclaimed its independence from Spain in 1811 and was reoccupied four years later. It did not become free until 1821, under the presidency of Bolívar." (41) 

ancient Carthage, near Tunis

Fishburn and Hughes: "A city in North Africa sacked by the Romans in 146 BC after the Third Punic War. The Theologians: after the second century Carthage became an important centre of Christianity, counting among its bishops two of the Church fathers, Tertullian and Cyprian. Between 251 and 553 it was the seat of several ecclesiastical councils. Guayaquil, CF 391: Carthage is of special interest to Jews on account of its inhabitants' Phoenician origin. Its early form of government recalls that of the Hebrew judges, and there are similarities in religious practices. The history of Carthage has interested Jewish historians since Josephus, who sought to establish the antiquity of the Jews by reference to the foundation of Carthage, adducing a document stating that the Temple was built 143 years and 8 months before the Tyrians founded Carthage." (41-42)

character in Borges story, based on legendary figure of the Wandering Jew

Fishburn and Hughes: "A fictional character in 'The Immortal'. His name alludes to the legend of the Wandering Jew, which first appeared in a thirteenth-century chronicle by Roger Wendover. According to Wendover, a certain Cartaphilus (believed to be St Joseph of Arimathaea), taunted Jesus on his way to the Cross and was told by him that he would have to wait on earth until he returned. Cartaphilus lived to a hundred and then reverted to thirty, at which age he was destined to remain until the end of the world. The legend of the Jew condemned to wander about the world until Christ's second coming has been told in several versions and was a popular subject in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Through these reworkings the legend shares with the Odyssey the fate of 'immortality' (see The Homeric Versions, TL 69.)." (41)

Letters sent by Mariquita Sánchez to Juan Bautista Alberdi. (1849)

Eça de Queiroz travel book, published posthumously in 1905

Cortázar story

Lettres edifiantes et curieuses, a 34 volume collection of letters from Jesuit missionaries, published 1702 to 1776

Cascales, 1638

Ubalde

See Carr, John Dickson

detective, hero of numerous novels by John Coryell

Italian operatic tenor, 1873-1921

Portuguese poet, 1920-1984

English author and translator, 1772-1844, translator of Dante and Aristophanes

Mujica Láinez story

in Lomas in Buenos Aires

Borges story, 1947

former convent in the center of Buenos Aires

art association in Bustos Domecq stories

religious association in Bustos Domecq stories

optician in Suárez Lynch novella

Argentine government house on the Plaza de Mayo

Cortázar story, first published by Borges in Los Anales de Buenos Aires, later included in Bestiario

poem by Ernesto López-Parra

Spanish count

Casa Witcomb was a gallery and photography business founded by the celebrated Argentine photographer Alejandro S. Witcomb (1835-1905). Casa Witcomb remained opened almost 90 years from 1880 to 1970. 

Cuban poet, 1863-1893

Uruguayan poet and critic. Author of Exposición de la poesía uruguay desde su origen hasta 1940

Cervantes exemplary novel

A poem by Evaristo Carriego

Carriego poem in La cancion del barrio

Cassandra, daughter of Priam and Hecuba, prophetess

Italian adventurer and writer, 1725-98, author of a famous book of memoirs of his erotic adventures

Banchs book of poems, 1909

Spanish historian and critic, 1564-1642

Dickson Carr, novel, 1941.

Gardner mystery, 1937

Gardner mystery, 1950

Gardner mystery, 1955

Gardner mystery, 1954

Gardner mystery, 1936

town near Buenos Aires, site of decisive battle in 1852 in which Rosas was defeated

street in Buenos Aires

Fishburn and Hughes: "A street in southern Buenos Aires, near Plaza Constitución A firm of lawyers having offices here, rather than in the vicinity of Tribunales (the Law Courts), implies that it is relatively obscure." (42) 

character in Borges story

town in the province of Buenos Aires

Italian scholar, 1859-1917, editor of Dante and author of works on Italian metrics, Tasso, Garibaldi and other subjects

Van Dine crime novel, 1935

Cassio, character in Shakespeare's Othello

supernova in the constellation Cassiopeia

Poe story, 1846

mystery by Freeman Wills Crofts, 1920

Pérez Zelaschi, detective novel, 1966.

Vec Makropulos, Capek novel later adapted as an opera by Janacek

pseud. of Alejandro Rodríguez Alvarez, 1903-65, Spanish
playwright and poet

Caspian Sea, bounded by Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Khazakhstan

scene designer

French literary scholar, 1897-1986, author of Panorama de la littérature espagnole contemporaine

Argentine painter and architect, 1908-72

Jaimes Freyre book of poems, 1899

Franciscan friar and political figure, 1776-1832, represented in Capdevila's La santa furia del padre Castañeda

French mathematician, priest and inventor, 1688-1757, author of Optique des couleurs, a treatise on the melody of colors, and inventor of an ocular harpsichord

João Ruiz de Castelo Branco, fifteenth-century Portuguese poet, author of the cantiga Partindo-se

Spanish essayist and novelist, 1832-99

place of origin of Sangiacomo family, perhaps Castellammare del Golfo in Sicily

Costa Alvarez, 1928

Argentine poet and dramatist, 1861-1932, author of El borracho, El Nuevo Eden, La leyenda argentina and other works

Uruguayan-born Argentine writer, 1893-1980, author of numerous works on working class life

Camilo Ferreira Botelho Castelo-Branco, Portuguese writer, 1826-1890

Argentine physician and medical researcher, 1886-1968

Portuguese writer, 1800-1875

Castile, region in central and northern Spain

Spanish poet, c. 1491-1550, author of Contra los que dejan los metros castellanos y siguen los italianos

doctor of the Sangiacomo family, character in Bustos Domecq story

Excerpt from Jacques le Fataliste (1769) by Diderot.

Argentine politician, 1873-1944, president in 1942-43

Greek mythological hero, twin of Pollux

minor character in Borges-Bioy filmscript

tragedy by Antonio Ferreira, 1587, about Inês de Castro

Spanish critic and historian, 1885-1972, author of El pensamiento de Cervantes, La realidad histórica de España, La peculiaridad lingüística rioplatense y su sentido histórico and other works

Portuguese writer, 1869-1944

author of Vocabulario y frases de Martin Fierro, 1950

Galician noblewoman, 1325-55, best known as the beloved of King
Pedro I of Portugal

Portuguese writer, 1898-1974

Buenos Aires knife-fighter

name taken by the Tichborne Claimant during his residence in Australia

Williams play, 1955

former convent in central part of Buenos Aires

Fishburn and Hughes: The detailed description of the Greek armaments in book 2 of Homer's Iliad. The Inmortal

Catalonia or Catalunya, autonomous region in eastern Spain

province in northern Argentina

street in Buenos Aires

Bibiloni poems

cathedral of Buenos Aires, on the Plaza de Mayo

the cathedral in Geneva

Aristotle work on logic

English forester in the time of Richard III

China

Czinner film, 1933

one of the characters created by Niní Marshall, 1904-1996, Argentine comic actress

African mammal whose eyes cause death, according to Pliny

Marcus Porcius Cato, Roman philosopher, 95-46 B.C.

Loomis book, 1914

Patagonian Indian leader, d. 1874

Fishburn and Hughes: "An Indian chieftain, who fought against the Indians on the side of the Argentine national government, leading his 800 men into battle against the invading Chilean Indians under their cacique Calfucurá. Some years later he fought on the side of the revolutionary forces. He was taken captive and handed over to loyalist Indians, who stabbed him to death." (42)

Italian philosopher and politician, 1801-1869, author of Storia della Rivoluzione del 1848 and Archivio triennale delle cose d'Italia and editor of Il Politecnico

Gaius Valerius Catullus, Roman poet, c. 84-54

river and region in Colombia

the Caucasus region

novel by Jorge Guillermo Borges, 1921

Pseudonym of Christopher St. John Sprigg, 1907-1937, British Marxist writer and poet, author of Illusion and Reality and Studies in a Dying Culture

Gnostic heaven of heavens

character in Borges story

Echeverria poem in Rimas, 1837

Frank Lloyd film, 1933, starring Clive Brook, based on a play by Noël Coward

Italian poet and philosopher, c.1255-1300

Italian mathematician and scientist, 1598-1647, student of Galileo, author of Geometria individibilus continuorum nova quadum ratione promota, 1635

Fishburn and Hughes: "An Italian mathematician, a disciple of Galileo, whose work in geometry was fundamental to the development of integral calculus. Cavalieri expounded his geometry of indivisibles in A Certain Method for the Development of a New Geometry of Continuous Indivisibility (1635), a work that provoked much criticism at the time." (42-43)

Mascagni opera, 1890

Cawdor, area in Scotland of which Macbeth was thane

figure in proverb

Mujica Láinez story

Menén Desleal story

French literary historian and English scholar, 1877-1965, co-author with Emile Legouis of a history of English literature

Victor Hugo poem, 1855

Valery Larbaud essay, 1925

French naturalist novelist, 1851-1924

Jorge Luis Borges' conference published in Siete noches

Spanish critic and historian, 1864-1927, author of Fraseologia y estilistica castellana, Tesoro de la lengua castellana, Historia de la lengua y literatura castellana and other works

Twain story, 1865

An argentine poet and tango songwriter (1896-1947).

Fishburn and Hughes: A term used in Platonism for an ideal 'form' existing outside the sensible world whose individual physical manifestations are but reflections. See Republic. The Lottery in Babylon

Forster collection of stories, 1911

Fernando de Rojas dialogue novel, 1499